Creating a marketing proposal Essay Example

Creating a marketing proposal Essay In this assignment I am going to find out more information about Rubicons mouth-watering exotic juice drinks. Two ex-employees of a major international soft drinks company introduced by Rubicon in 1982. They got together ; decided to start company specialising in Exotic Tropical Drinks. The love affair with exotic fruits started in one of the founders kitchen, which was also used as a lab, and that is where the first product was born. They named it Passionate a sparkling Passion fruit drink. Passionate was a huge success when it was launched in the market. There was little marketing support at launch the success was solely due to the authentic premium taste. The reason why they call their company as Rubicon is that Rubicon is the name of a river and The mythological meaning of Rubicon comes from the Roman era, when a senate told Caesar that his boundary to the empire should be restricted to the river Rubicon; however, Caesar ventured past the river against instructions and ended up with a large Roman empire. He was adventurous daring much like our founders. And now is continuing its success of they developed the second product, Sparkling Mango Crush. And today they have a delicious range of exotic fruit drinks, not only Passion fruit but there is a wide range of flavours available in Rubicons product: Mango, Guava, Lychee, Guanabana and etc. In fact Rubicon is leading the market in single flavour exotic juice drinks in the UK. We will write a custom essay sample on Creating a marketing proposal specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Creating a marketing proposal specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Creating a marketing proposal specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer All Rubicon drinks taste more like the real fruit than any other drink. Rubicon drinks are created to produce the best taste and mouth feel for the consumers overall enjoyment. The recipes include water to gain the correct consistency for the perfect drink and sugar is added to regain the perfect sweetness level of the original fruit. (If this pulp were left as it is, then we would have to eat it with a spoon). Rubicon drinks aim to replicate a near perfect fluid version of the named exotic fruit and have the same number of calories as a 100% juice. Rubicons USP (Unique Selling Point) are the drinks that taste like the real fruit, dinks that are strong, full-bodied, with a wonderful, satisfying mouth-feel, drinks that have an original and authentic taste is that the Rubicon does not anglicise its flavours and drinks that are recognisable exotic single-fruit juice drinks; they are not blended with commodity fruits. Rubicons target group is the primarily consists of the ethnic market of all ages, as well as the mainstream market ranging for young adults, families, students and children of varying ages. Rubicons competitors are all other major brands in the soft drinks market, ranging from juices, juice drinks, smoothes, and shakes and also own label brands (such as Wait rose own label single and blended exotic juice drinks). They prime competitors in the juice market consist of Tropicana, Del Monte, Ocean Spray, Welchs. The type of market research that they conduct depends on various factors, e.g. objectives is that they want a number of people to sample, time, and budget it, whether it needs to be quantitative or qualitative, etc. Quantitatively, they continually monitor their position in the market place against competitive products. Qualitatively, one of they last pieces of market research was to carry out a Usage and Attitude Study, amongst a fair cross section of the public, both users and non-users of the brand, to ascertain their perceptions and views on Rubicon. They always enjoy supporting a range of exciting events and organisations. In 2004 they are worked in association with Channel 4 (Bollywood star), KISS 100 FM (drive time show), Notting hill Carnival and style in bars. TASK: 1: MARKETING We Are launching a new product called Rubicons Peach and Passion fruit Sparkling twist, the reasons and special things about this product is that we are launching is a sparkling drinks and the drinks taste like the real fruit, dinks that are strong, full-bodied, with a wonderful, satisfying mouth-feel, drinks that have an original and authentic taste is that the Rubicon does not anglicise its flavours and drinks that are recognisable twist single-fruit juice drinks; they are not blended with commodity fruits. An overview of the marketing process Marketing is the part of the process of production and exchange that is concerned with the flow of goods and services from producer to consumer. In popular usage it is defined as the distribution and sale of goods, distribution being understood in a broader sense than the technical economic one. Marketing includes the activities of all those engaged in the transfer of goods from producer to consumer not only those who buy and sell directly, wholesale and retail, but also those who develop, warehouse, transport, insure, finance, or promote the product, or otherwise have a hand in the process of transfer. In a modern capitalist economy, where nearly all production is intended for a market, such activities are just as important as the manufacture of the goods MARKETING OBJECTIVES The marketing objectives are the goals that a business attempts to achieve through its marketing activities. The reason why the set the marketing objectives is the marketing is just one of the functions that make up a businesss activities. Marketing decisions should complement decisions taken in other functional areas of the business and help the business to achieve its overall objectives. Marketing and corporate objectives In the business our aims are: * To attract a new customer to our product * To understanding customers needs * Aware of new products * Improve market shares * Increase customer base To attract a new customer to our product attract new customers is a common objective in business. There are many ways to attract new customers to your business, by Advertising the product the people getting to know about your new existing, if people dont know where you are and what you do, they cant buy from you. Advertising greatly increases your chances of success. Make the customer feel comfortable with your product or service. Provide an environment that they will feel safe in. Make them feel good about spending their money. Dont scare the customer. Be nice to the customers and wear smart clothe so the customers feel welcome, Businessmen wear suits. Policemen carry guns. You are reading this article because we look the part. We effectively display our ability to attract new customers. So from this Rubicons new product (passion fruit and peach sparkling twist) need to attract its new customers from doing all the things that included in the first place. To understanding customers needs it is vital for all businesses, small and large, service or manufacturing, to know their customers needs ad fully as possible. A well-manages business finds out what customers want and attempts to supply goods and services that meet these needs. It is also important for the business to be able to anticipate trends and developments, which could influence customers buying habits in the future. For our new product we have used focus groups analysis as well as asked our target audience to taste the new products that we are developing. This provided considerable feedback and helped us to ensure that our products would meet with customers approval Aware of new products for Rubicons new product the business needs to reach potential customers if it is to generate sales. An important marketing objective, therefore, for any new firm is to raise consumers awareness of the business and its products. This may be done through advertising, by giving away free samples and by attempting to get televisions or newspaper coverage of the new business. Well-established companies may equally seek to raise the profile of their business and their existing products and brands. Some businesses, for example, Rubicon can use its strength of the existing brand names to develop and market our new products. To increase customer base to increase the customer base, Rubicon Company needs to keep its current customers (customer retention) and to gain new ones (customer acquisition.) Ideally, Customer retention is achieved through customer loyalty based on customer satisfaction. Customer retention may be achieved without customer loyalty when access to a product is restricted, supply of product is restricted, value chain interfaces are controlled, and product interfaces are controlled. Customer retentions reap maximal benefits when based on true customer satisfaction and loyalty. Otherwise, customer retention may be falsely interpreted as loyalty although customers will switch vendor immediately once control factors change. The potential to acquire new customers depends on the size of the market, the companys and competitors brand images, closeness of fit between current and new target markets and product, marketing and sales strategies in place, and implementation skills of the marketing a nd sales strategies. So for Rubicons new product we have to develop a brand image and increase the size of the market. Improve market shares Increasing market share is one of the most common objectives used in business. Market share is the percentage or proportion of the total sales in a market achieved by one business. Unless the overall market is growing significantly, a business can only increase its market shares that the expense of its competitors. Setting an improvement in market share as a marketing objective therefore, that a business aims to out perform its competitors, this is a very aggressive marketing objective and is likely to provoke a response form rival businesses. Competitors might decide to reduce their prices or to launch major advertising campaigns to hold on to share of the market. Improving market share is a difficult marketing objective to achieve. It is likely to require significant spending on marketing activities such as advertising, special offers and price cuts. The main advantage of using market share is that it abstracts from industry wide macro environmental variables such as the state of the economy, or changes in tax policy. FUNCIONAL AREAS OF A BUSINESS WHAT ARE FUNCTIONAL AREAS`? Most businesses consist of a number of different departments, each of which has a specific job or task to do these are called functions. ROLE THEY PLAY WITHIN THE BUSINESS AND HOW THEY RELATED TO EACH OTHER MARKETING The marketing department try to find out what customers want from the business in terms of the goods and services they provide. They use this information to develop strategies to ensure that the business can meet the needs of customers but at the same time make a profit or at least cover their costs if they are a public sector organisation. So I need to understand that the small to large sized business, carry out complex business activities. The business that I have chosen was involves with whole range of activities, including new products, packaging and promoting the products, and setting the price. The purpose of marketing is to match the abilities and strength of the firm to the needs of the market. The business deals with marketing to support their role in identifying and anticipating customer needs market involves and there are four different roles of marketing in the business there are: Market analysis- this dials in supporting the examinations of the market conditions and to help identify new opportunities and outcomes of the market. Market research- supports to gather and analyse information to make better marketing decisions from primary and secondary resources. Market research discovers the demands for the customers are prepared to pay for the market. Marketing strategy- supporting to develop a plan detailing how and where to compete a product. Marketing mix- which covers the decisions all business have to make regarding selling prices which the consumers will pay, how the product and where the product is sold and promoted, the image of the product and the precise nature of the product itself. Dealing with customer service A business need to deal with customer service by Providing a good customer services to the customers who are external and internal and giving help, information to them on any matters calming in product or money, Being aware of internal customers who receive service within in the company or organisations and Being aware of external customers who shops daily in a day or service provided outside the organisation Links with other departments Marketing has a links with other departments within the business. Customer service:-Marketing some times deals with customers complaints Production:-The marketing department discovers the needs of the customers and advises the production function accordingly. Administration: Marketing has more links with the administration, if the business had effect of its advertisements or if customers complaints than administration department have to put into its records Finance: Finance department has to make sure that advertisement carried out within agreed costs. PRODUCTION The job of this area depends on whether the business produces a good or a service. If it is good, then someone has to make it. To do that you need equipment, materials and good planning to make sure everything gets done properly. You also need to make sure that what is produced meets the quality standards that customers expect. If the business produces a service then, again, it has to be planned, monitored, organised and delivered. The production/operations department carries out these tasks. Job production This production is for to make a single product. Every item made will be different, to meet the customers individual and specific requirements, for example wedding or birthday cake. It needs an individual recipe and method. It will probably require specialised skills from experienced workers. It takes more time and is more labour-intensive than other production methods. It makes for a high quality product, but normally at a high cost. Batch production This is for making a specific quantity of a product on a large or small scale. Batches can be repeated as many times as required. The machinery and labour used need to be flexible, so they can quickly change from making one batch to making another batch of a similar product. The time between batches, when machines have to be cleaned or changed around, is called down time. This is unproductive and needs to be kept as short as possible so the manufacturer doesnt lose money. Mass/Flow production Mass production is the name given to the method of producing goods in large quantities at low cost per unit. But mass production, although allowing lower prices, does not have to mean low-quality production. Instead, mass-produced goods are standardized by means of precision-manufactured, interchangeable parts. The mass production process itself is characterized by mechanization to achieve high volume, elaborate organization of materials flow through various stages of manufacturing, careful supervision of quality standards, and minute division of labour. To make it worthwhile, mass production requires mass consumption. Until relatively recent times the only large-scale demand for standardized, uniform products came from military organizations. The major experiments that eventually led to mass production were first performed under the aegis of the military.

Subprocesses of Assimilation essays

Subprocesses of Assimilation essays The subprocesses of assimilation are processes that occur in order during the assimilation process. The various subprocesses are: (1) cultural assimilation by substitution and cultural assimilation by addition, (2) secondary structural assimilation, (3) primary structural assimilation, (4) marital assimilation, (5) identificational assimilation, (6) attitude receptional assimilation, (7) behavior receptional assimilation, and (8) civic assimilation. Cultural assimilation by substitution is when the subordinate group abandons their cultural practices and takes up those of the dominant group. According to Gordons Theory of Assimilation Subprocesses, cultural assimilation occurs most rapidly. Cultural assimilation by addition is when the subordinate group keeps most of its own heritage and also adopts some from the dominant group. In this type of cultural assimilation, the subordinate group remains distinguishable. Secondary structural assimilation refers to equal-status relationships between subordinate and dominant group members in the public sphere, such as relationships with people at work, in schools, in commercial transactions, at political meetings, and in places of public recreations. Primary structural assimilation refers to close, personal interactions between subordinate and dominant group members in the private sphere, such as relationships within families, friendship groups, and social clubs. Secondary structural assimilation appears ahead of primary structural assimilation, because people typically meet and interact with one another in impersonal settings before they become close and interact in personal settings. Marital assimilation is the subprocess, which refers to the gradual merging of subordinate and dominant groups through intermarriage. Marital assimilation is the fourth subprocess to becoming fully assimilated into American society. Even groups within high levels of intermarriage...

Employee Engagemet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Employee Engagemet - Essay Example Various strategies and tactics which focus on eliciting employee Engagement have been massively influenced by the intensive research of various organizational scholars and researchers. According to Armstrong & Baron (2000), the optimum level of skill, task variety, significance of the task and task identity which has brought along the state of employee engagement is directly connected with the concept of job enrichment. From the perspective of employee engagement, an organization needs its company managers to define specific organizational goals and objectives which are realistic and vivid and are achievable. To constantly engage employees and make them feel a part of the company, an organization has to appreciate their publicly if their employees have been to achieve the company objectives and should train and develop employees who have been unable to demonstrate satisfactory performance (Cartwright & Holmes, 2006). One of the key components of an elicit employee engagement strategy is that they should be able to clearly communicate an organization’s strategy and should also help in fostering healthy relationships with their employees. A company must be able to clearly demonstrate how important the consistent performance of their employees is to the company and have to prove that its employees have been valued as valuable contributors to the company’s operational activities and should also provide them with a sense of empowerment (Zadek, 2001). Employee voice - An employee’s view regarding the overall significance of his job and his organization has a much more significant influence on his customer service and loyalty towards his organization, in comparison with all the other employee factors. Engaging managers. One of the most important tool for managers for improving employee performance is communication and staff engagement. In order to provide the employees with a sense of

Homework 5 Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Homework 5 - Speech or Presentation Example 2) Historically, the average amount of time to assemble an electronic component on a production line has been 14 minutes. The supervisor of this production line is interested in determining whether this is no longer true. Assume that assembly time is normally distributed with a known population standard deviation of 3.4 minutes. The supervisor times the assembly of 25 randomly chosen components, and finds that the average time to assemble is 12.6 minutes. Is there sufficient evidence to suggest that the population mean assembly time is not 14 minutes at the 1% level of significance? What is the p-value? 3) The manufacturer of a new chewing gum asserts that at least 80% of dentists prefer their type of gum. An independent consumer research firm decides to test their claim. The findings of a sample of 200 dentists indicate that 76% of respondents actually prefer the manufacturers gum. At the 5% level, is there sufficient evidence to suggest that the population proportion of dentists who prefer the manufacturers gum is less than 80%? What is the p-value? 4) A college professor is interested in determining the relationship between the number of hours a student sleeps prior to an exam and a students exam grade. The joint distribution is assumed bivariate normal. The professor draws a random sample of four students and records each students exam grade and hours of sleep preceding the exam. These data are found in the table below. The professor runs a simple regression, but has misplaced her regression output. Recognizing that Exam Grade is the dependent variable and Hours of Sleep is the sole independent variable, she asks you to perform the

Grants Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Grants - Essay Example Grants from funding agencies to help promote literacy in primary schools: SAMPLE GRANT NO. 1 . Summary Information : Government Education Grant. Supplemental Education Service Providers’ Program: Study Center. The subject area is: Reading K-4. One on one tutoring: one student for every one instructor. Maximum cost: Rs. 32/- per hour. Target group: Students living on the South side of District Hometown or attending school there. Following the standard elements of a proposal, the main guidelines: First, The Title Page. Then, The Abstract: Regular and consistent classes for improving the reading skills of economically backward children, to make a difference in their lives in all areas. Lesson plans include CIERA (Center for the Improvement of Early Reading Achievement) strategies through guided reading. The over-all focus is on the six dimensions of reading instructions: phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, text comprehension, and motivation. Introduction: Statement of the problem: Poor academic performance of non-native English speaking children, from poor families. Purpose of the work: To improve young children’s reading skills before they are caught in a cycle of failure.

Internal Development and Strategic Alliance

Internal Development and Strategic Alliance Should firms go it alone or pursue a strategic alliance? This essay will compare internal development (organic development) with strategic alliances and look at whether it is better for the organisation to go it alone or partner with other organisations.   Internal development is where strategies are developed by building up the organisation’s own resource base and competences, Johnson and Scholes, (1999). Strategic alliances are when two more parties form a collaborative agreement to exchange or combine resources to pursue a development strategy, but remain separate legal entities, Bennett (1996). Joint ventures, licensing, networks are examples of types of alliances. There are many benefits that can be achieved from going it alone that may not be available through an alliance.   First of all, when an organisation develops a highly technical product the organisation through the process of development, may begin to understand its organisation better, and thus learn ways of building up or acquiring competences.   This type of learning and development may not be as extensive if alliance partners are involved in the development process.    Similarly when an organisation enters new markets through direct investment (going it alone) it can gain advantages (e.g. local market knowledge, competences in selling to new markets) that it may not have gained through working through distribution alliance partners. By going it alone – the organisation receives the full benefits of undertaking a development venture – including all the profits, patents, technical know-how and resulting competitive advantages. With alliances, depending on the agreement, any success (profits, patents, know-how) has to be shared between partners.    By undertaking internal development the organisations can exercise greater co-ordination and control over the investment and the objectives of development. With an alliance (e.g. JV), however, organisations may lose that autonomy and find it harder to control the development because decisions have to be taken on a joint basis.   Many alliances have failed due to differing objectives or motives by alliance partners.   For example, one partner may go into an alliance for short term learning gain, whereas the other partner may see the alliance as more strategic, long term and replacing one area of its value chain, Wit and Meyer (1998). With internal dev elopment there can be a greater degree of control and co-ordination, and perhaps a greater chance of the development objectives being met, without disputes. Going it alone may be a preferential route for those firms who are particularly sensitive about exposing or giving away core competences or skills that provide the organisation with a competitive advantage in the market place.   If an organisation believes that the risks of exposure of its core competences are too great through an alliance, it is more likely to use internal development – because core competences can be internalised.   Going it alone may make sense to an organisation which is pursuing development which is characterised as â€Å"fit led innovation†.   When the organisation is able to use or realistically grow its resources and competences to meet the market opportunity.   However, if the level of innovation required is more â€Å"stretch led† the organisation may have to carefully consider whether it should pursue internal development or other methods of development in order to meet its market opportunity.   For some organisations going it alone may be the only option available to them – especially if they are working in a field which is breaking new ground or where there are no other suitable partners available, (Johnson and Scholes, 1999). Therefore going it alone can offer organisations many benefits over other methods of development. However, the method is often criticised for being a slower form of development (Johnson and Scholes, 1999), requiring a higher overall capital outlay (Wit and Meyer, 1998) and has the downside that the organisation bears the full costs and risks if the development (e.g. product development or market development) fails.   By going it alone an organisation can miss out on all the benefits available to them from alliances.   The benefits of alliances will now be discussed in relation to the Xerox-Fuji 50:50 joint venture alliance case study, (Hill, 2000). The alliance between Xerox and Fuji gave each company significant benefits over and above, them going it alone.   Firstly, both companies benefited from sharing the costs of their market and technology development.    Fuji and Xerox, were able to bring the â€Å"best of the best† from both companies.   They were able to pool their resources, competences, skills, technology know-how together to create a new, fresh entity, with defined objectives for both parties Wit and Meyer (1998).   Fuji, had the local knowledge of markets, distribution channels and Xerox, excellent skills and know-how in manufacturing and sales, thus the alliance enabled both companies to benefit from each other’s competences.   Through an alliance mutual l earning can take place which can complement each other’s companies strengths or weaknesses.   By going it alone you can limit yourself to the organisation’s own skills and competences and only what you can realistically develop internally. The Xerox and Fuji alliance meant that both organisations were able to limit their risks of development. Xerox was able to test the market for its products before committing itself to a new market (Hill, 2000).   It could remove its investment without too much difficulty.   If it had gone it alone, market entry may have been harder and more risky for Xerox.   Certainly alliances can be preferable if an organisation is undertaking a risky development – as failure can shared between partners. Alliances due to their nature, can also provide faster methods of development than which can be created through internal development. However, alliances have been criticised for: i) their high failure rates – 60% after 2 years fail, (Dawes, 1994) ii) Risk of exposing competences and technical know-how to partners iii) Disputes, relationship issues that result from working with other partners iv) Profits and advantages having to be shared between partners iv) the less autonomy and control available to partners compared with going it alone. In answer to the question should firms go it alone or pursue a strategic alliance – I   believe it really depends on the current situation of the organisation (internal and external).   There may be circumstances where an organisation would be better to go it alone – especially if the organisation was concerned about exposing its core competences, felt that its existing resources and competences would be sufficient to meet the market opportunity, and it needed high levels of control over its development decisions.   In other circumstances – the organisation may find it cost prohibitive to develop in-house, be experiencing strong competitive pressures and thus need to seek partners to support them on high research and development costs, or obtain specific skills, technical know-how to take advantage of a market opportunity.   As outlined above internal development (going it alone) and alliances have different advantages and disadvantages for different orga nisations.   Therefore the choice over which development method would need to be taken on a case by case basis. BIBLIOGRAPHY In the preparation of this assignment I have consulted the following research sources: Bennett, R. (1996) International Business: Pitman Publishing Oxford University: (1990) A Concise Directory of Business: Oxford University Press Hill, C. (2000) International Business: Competing in a Global Marketplace: McGraw Hill Needle, D. (1995) Business in Context, An introduction to Business and its environment, Second Edition: International Thompson Business Press Bleeke J. and Earnst D. (1992) Collaborating to Compete: Wiley and Sons Dussauge, P. Garrette B., (1999) Co-operative Strategy: Competing Successfully through Strategic Alliances: Wiley Lorange P. and Roos J., (1993) Strategic Alliances: Blackwell Lynch R. (1993) Business Alliance Guide: The Hidden Competitive Weapon: Wiley Sandaram and Black (1995) The International Business Environment: text and cases:  Prentice Hall Rugman and Hodgetts (1995) International Business: A Strategic Management Approach: McGrawhill Matsura, N. (1991) International Business, A New Era: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich (HBJ) Dawes, B. (1994) International Business: A European Perspective: Stanley Thorne Johnson and Scholes (1999), Exploring Corporate Strategy, Prentice Hall

The Mexican War as an Exercise in American Imperialism Essay -- Papers

The Mexican War as an Exercise in American Imperialism The US government believed firmly in the doctrine of Manifest destiny, the government argued that they had the right and duty to expand through North American because it was necessary and inevitable. During the 19th century Mexico dominated a large amount of North America which was inhabited by American settlers and the American government aimed to expand the USA from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and were ready to achieve this by any means. The American government saw the lands of Texas and California as grand prizes with the opportunity of lush agricultural prospect and the possibility of a gateway to the Pacific Ocean. The lands though belonged to the nation of Mexico, which seen by the Americans was a backward nation and did not deserve to have the lands. President James Polk intended to use full extent of his power to expand America and he devoted his time during his reign as President in negotiations with Mexico over the lands of California. Yet Mexico refused to give away the land and yet it had such a weak economy and could use the money that President Polk was offering them to rebuild the economy and develop the nation. But the Mexican government still did not intend to sell the land because it would not be popular with the people if the nation shrink half in size and also because of the rivalry that was associated with Americans and Mexicans. So President Polk was left with no choice but to provoke the Mexicans to war, General Zachary Taylor was sent to a disputed region between Mexico and US with 4000 troops. Polk was anxious to start war but did not intend ... ...the Mexicans had attacked his country and in order to defend his nation he needed to attack Mexico. Thus it can be said that America did not force Mexico into war but Mexico forced America to war and thus America reacted to the Mexican aggression by taking the lands of California and Texas justly. Although it is easy to see that America did in some way force Mexico into a war the Mexicans did attack first and the Americans had the right to wage a war upon Mexico. Thus concluding the statement it can be said America did use the Mexican war to show off their military power and policy of Manifest Destiny and thus was an exercise in American imperialism. Yet it was the Mexicans who attacked first and who forced America to fight back thus the Mexican war was not an exercise in American imperialism but in American defence.

Science Teaching: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow

Science Teaching: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow Science instruction can take on many forms. From the lecture hall, to the laboratory there are a variety of ways science can be taught. This essay explores the historical events and changes that have effected science education and made it what it is today and where it may be heading in the future. (Martin, 2009) Science education was created to share scientific data and events with students who are not part of the scientific community but benefit from scientific understanding. It is a way to make students scientifically literate about general concepts that pertain to scientific discovery. Elementary science education usually includes the subject areas of physical, life, earth, and space sciences. (Martin, 2009) The early days of science education began in the United Kingdom near the end of the 19th Century. Decades later the push for science education reached the United States. In the US science was taught in a somewhat disorganized manner until it was standardized in 1890. Following standardization, science curriculum slowly evolved without a great deal of mainstream excitement and focus until the 1950’s with the dawn of the space age. After the Soviet Union’s Sputnik program successfully launched several objects into space the United States became painfully aware that they were behind in science technology. From this point on in true American fashion the desire to compete on the world stage became the driving force for scientific discovery, specifically a race into space. This awareness that the United States had some catching up to do in order to rival the advances of other countries inspired support for higher quality science programs in classrooms across America in hopes that a crop of science- minded students would emerge. Martin, 2009) With the new focus on science education came billions of dollars to fund it. Educators were given the materials to teach ever-changing scientific concepts as well as the tools to provide a hands-on experience to students in the form of laboratories and field studies. Because discovery was changing at a rapid pace, science curriculum during this time was based on concrete scientific theory rather than the latest discoveries. The main goal was for students to gain a general understanding of science and to inspire students to become inquisitive and scientifically minded. Martin, 2009) Science teachers of the past and present share a common responsibility. They must convey a positive attitude about the subject of science to their students. Science teachers must present materials in and interesting, factual and creative way. They must engage their students in hands-on experiences. Teachers must give students the sense that they are able to gain an understanding of the world of science and build upon it to add to their knowledge. Teachers must make scientific understanding obtainable for students, sparking future inquisition and research. Martin, 2009) The ability for students to understand general sciences and beyond is a necessity. In the modern world, students will be required to use scientific information as they make choices on a daily basis. Also, students who are scientifically literate benefit from their ability to discuss, in an informed manner, many of the scientifically based issues the world community faces. Additionally, students will use scientific literacy in an ever-demanding workplace environment where they will be required to think creatively, solve problems, reason, and make decisions. National Academies Press, 1996) The science curriculum of today is moving in the direction of making students of the Unites States competitive on a worldwide stage. With technology changing at an extremely rapid pace it is essential that American science education prepare students to stay on pace with advances as well as forge new paths in the science of technology. Also, the sciences that focus on the natural Earth have taken center stage as the world addresses issues like global warming, and the availability of natural resources. In an article that promotes the new National Science Education Standards it is proposed that new American standards â€Å"will require major changes in much of this country's science education. The Standards rest on the premise that science is an active process. Learning science is something that students do, not something that is done to them. †Hands-on† activities, while essential, are not enough. Students must have â€Å"minds-on† experiences as well. † (National Academies Press, 1996) Today’s science curriculum should continue on their current path and focus on technological science and physical science. Although the space sciences are still fascinating, given the current needs for the United States to lead the world community in other areas it important that the most relevant sciences receive the most focus. References Martin, D. J. (2009). Elementary science methods: A constructivist approach (5th ed. ). Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth. National Academies Press. (1996). National science education standards: An overview. http://www. nap. edu/openbook. php? record_id=4962&page=1

Catch22 A Study in PostWar Attitudes essays

Catch22 A Study in PostWar Attitudes essays Catch-22: A Study in Post-War Attitudes In 1961, Joseph Heller published Catch-22, his first novel. Based on his own war experiences, the novel wickedly satirized bureaucracy, patriotism, and all manner of traditional American ideals. This was reflective of the increasing disdain for traditional viewpoints that was growing in America at that time. (Potts, p. 13) The book soon became championed as another voice in the antiwar movement of the 1960s. However, Heller himself claimed that his novel was less about World War II, or war at all, than it was an allegory for the Cold War and the materialistic Establishment attitudes of the Eisenhower era. (Kiley, pp. 318-321) Thus, Catch-22 represents a rebellion against the standards of the Eisenhower era. Catch-22 follows the experiences of Yossarian, a bombardier stationed near Italy during World War II. Yossarian is clearly representative of Heller; indeed, he could be considered an everyman. (Kiley, p. 336) Because of a traumatic experience, which is revealed bit by bit throughout the novel, Yossarian is terrified of flying. Yet Colonel Cathcart keeps raising the number of missions the men must fly. Yossarians attempts to avoid flying are met with the Armys Catch number 22, which is a sort of mythical stumbling block to free will and reason. In the end, Yossarian defects and takes a stand against his situation by running away from it. The moral of the story seems to be that nothing is truly worth dying for, but there is plenty worth fighting for. Yossarian is an antihero: the reader sympathizes with him despite, or perhaps because of, his unsavory beliefs and actions. (Potts, p. 84) It is easy to sympathize with him: he seems to be the only sane person in a crazy world, which may be why everyone keeps telling him hes crazy. Yossarian does battle with bureaucratic authority as personified by Colonels Cathcart and Korn, General Dreedle, and ex-P.F....

The Overview of Accounting

The Overview of Accounting IntroductionAccounting provides information that is useful and relevant for interested parities when making decisions regarding the company and its operations. In order to do that effectively, a specific language and subsequent rules have been developed for users of the information. Accounting is a specialized language that describes the financial position of a company. Accounting, a required component of most companies is composed of three main categories; Operating information, financial accounting information, and managerial accounting information.Operating information describes what is needed on a daily basis to conduct business in an organization. It encompasses employee payroll, sales, debts, credits, and inventory to name a few functions. Collectively these functions can be identified as financial statements. Operating information is what comprises the maximum amount of accounting information and is the basis for financial accounting information and managerial accounting opera ting information, also called financial statements, addresses specific audiences and has a purpose and a nature.English: BoT and BoE financial statement 2010 meet...PurposeFinancial statements provide information about a company's financial status. It examines where the money originated from, where it is being spent and the current status and balance. A financial statement has four components; balance sheets, income statements cash flow statements and statements of shareholders' equity. Balance sheets show what a company owns and what it owes at a fixed point in time. Income statements show how much money a company made and spent over a period of time. Cash flow statements show the exchange of money between a company and counterparts over a period of time. The fourth financial statement, called a "statement of shareholders' equity," shows changes in the interests of the company's shareholders over time. Accounting has been defined as "the process of identifying, measuring, recording and communicating economic information to permit informed judgments and economic decisions ( Accounting, 1) ". The primary purpose of accounting...

Egyptian Wonders of the Ancient World Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Egyptian Wonders of the Ancient World - Essay Example The building of these pyramids took a vast labor force and a vast amount of resources. Often, prisoners and slaves of conquest were subscripted into the labor force, but the citizens were also used. In archaeological sites, it is found that in areas where these pyramids are built that they stimulated village economies. As a result, there are many different types of shops and buildings that have been uncovered showing how the Egyptians were able to support and supply such a massive workforce. The pyramids were not a static structure but rather evolved over time as the Egyptians became more and more sophisticated in the field of mathematics, materials construction, and architecture. The first pyramids were less sophisticated and represented more rectangular flat structures called mastabas. This is why there is an observable trend in the change in the construction of the periods between the Old Kingdom and the New Kingdom as better methods of construction were discovered. Pharaoh Djoser constructed the first pyramid. His pyramid was made of mud brick and other materials that were soon replaced with the stone architecture. In addition, his building plan left the burial chamber and passageways below the surface and they were eventually plundered. Subsequent burial chambers in the next pyramids were built deep within the heart of the pyramid with a subsequent mirage of multiple mazes. In order to protect the contents and body of the Pharaoh that was buried, Egyptian architectures started looking at improving security systems in order to protect them. The most common method was through the creation of booby traps in order to keep grave robbers from reaching the burial chamber by either scaring them away or killing them. There were also decoy chambers designed in order to make robbers think they were in the rear chamber. The use of multiple mazes also created additional protection by offering many different routes, some of which lead to dead ends designed to confuse th ose that entered the tomb without permission.

Prosecution of Drug Cases inside and outside of the Court System Essay

Prosecution of Drug Cases inside and outside of the Court System - Essay Example The conclusion will entail what the best tactics are found to be to keep drug trafficking and abuse down to a minimal problem in society. One main problem with illegal drug distribution and correct prosecution is that judges have to do a job that would normally take two of them. Illegal immigrants are constantly smuggling drugs in over the border, and the state of Arizona is swamped with cases in the federal court because of this issue (Gustos 2001). Because of this and the lack of judges many offenders on this charge walk, which leads to many more complications. The border courts don't even prosecute some of these offenders (in certain areas) unless they have been apprehended at least ten times. Therefore the border control is left with a heavy burden outside the court system. They officially file how many times an offender has been arrested and when it reaches the ten mark limit they will go to trial and be federally prosecuted (Gustos 2001). The South West Border initiative, which was launched by the Clinton Administration, works well outside of the court system by controlling what comes across the border and who. However, even though this iniative helped keep control of the criminal drug activities seeping into America, it did little to helping the Federal Court system because there remained a shortage of judges while there was an increase in border control officers, immigration officials, and drug enforcement administration agents. It is the border control itself that seems to be the strongest point of the U.S. in gaining control of the drug trafficking problem. Containing those who would distribute drugs inside the U.S., at the border, is where the federal government is focusing its strengths to minimize this heavy concern and to also lift some of the burden from the border control court system. To further assist inside the courts there are two versions of a bill from 2001 which were introduced to the House and Senate for approval. This has allowed for 18 more judges to be instated into the border court system to properly prosecute these cases (Gustos 2001). The Actions of the Court System on Drug Cases The court system has found an alternative to incarceration and it is found to be that for those with lower drug charges, they are better suited for rehabilitation by psychological counseling rather than serving jail time (Koopman 2006). The Behavioral Court system works with offenders who obviously have mental incompetence of their actions and criminal behaviors. The greatest achievement of this specific courts process is how well they have the offender monitored for continuing drug use by the courts three person staff (Koopman 2006). These types of offenders receive the proper treatment; go through rehabilitation services, as well as mental health clinic agencies to achieve a life free from drug abuse and criminal interactions with it. In this regard