Deviance - 1701 Words

The Objective/Subjective Dichotomy Objectivism: Deviance as an Act The assumption that there is something inherent in a person, behavior or characteristic that is necessarily deviant Statistical Rarity If a behavior or characteristic is not typical, it is deviant. Harm If an action causes harm, then it is deviant. Folkways: If you violate these norms you may be considered odd, rude or a troublemaker Mores: Those standards that are often seen as the foundation of morality in a culture Consensual view: The law is perceived as arising out of social consensus and is then equally applied to all Conflict view: Perceive the law as a tool used by the ruling class to serve its own interests. They believe that the law is†¦show more content†¦Societal tensions can be reduced when there is some sort of scapegoat that can be blamed for a social problem 2. Individuals engage in small acts of minor deviance that act as a safety valve and let off some steam Parsons and Smelser suggest that letting off steam through minor acts of deviance activates social processes that return deviant actors to their acceptable roles in society - Socialization, profit, persuasion and coercion Durkheim noted that suicide rates were here in more individualistic communities – less social integration and lower levels of moral regulation†¦ Mechanical solidarity (before industrialization) – a society that is bonded together by likeness or by a collective commitment to conformity Organic solidarity (with industrialization) – society was bonded together by difference or interdependence Social integration and moral regulation have the potential to keep deviance at a functional level Merton’s Anomie and Strain Theories: The (North) American Dream Gone Awry Merton suggested that deviance originates not only from the individual, but also from the structure of society Merton said that in North America, the goals we are to aspire to include wealth, status/power, and prestige -Society is structured in a way that gives benefit to or rewards those who haveShow MoreRelatedWorkplace Deviance972 Words   |  4 PagesWorkplace Deviance Workplace deviance is a voluntary unethical behavior that disobeys organizational norms about wrong and right, and in doing so, threatens the wellbeing of the organization, and/or its members(Robinson and Bennett 555-572). According to Robinson and Bennett, â€Å"workplace deviances behavior varies along two dimensions: minor versus serious, and interpersonal (deviant behavior directed at other individuals in the organization) versus organizational (deviant behavior directed at theRead MoreWhat is Deviance?847 Words   |  4 PagesDeviance is defined as actions or behaviors that violate socials norms. In turn the concept of deviance is dependent on the social observation and perception. â€Å"By it’s very nature, the constructionism through which people define and interpret actions or appearances is always â€Å"social.† †(Henry, 2009 , p. 6) One’s perception of a situation may be completely different from another depending on cultural and social factors . The way someone talks, walks, dresses, and holds themselves are all factors thatRead MoreDeviance Essay911 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Theories Of Devaince Presented In There Are No Children Here The four theories of deviance are The Learning Theory, The Strain Theory, The Social-Bond Theory and the Labeling Theory. These theories alone can explain the reasoning behind someone’s deviant behavior. But, in There Are No Children Here we see all of these theories being demonstrated. This lets us have an understanding of exactly why we are seeing the deviant behavior that we are. This learning theory is basically the idea thatRead MoreEssay on Deviance in the Film Sleepers1084 Words   |  5 PagesDeviance in the Film Sleepers Deviance is the behavior and the standards of expectations of a group or society. It is also behavior that is considered dangerous, threatening or offensive. The people that are deviant are often labeled to be weirdos, oddballs, or creeps. In the United States, people with tattoos, drug addicts, alcoholics, and compulsive gamblers are all considered deviant. Sociologists believe that everybody is deviant from time to time. They believe each person will violate a socialRead MoreActs Of Deviance From Members Of Our Society1494 Words   |  6 PagesOver the course of four days, I’ve observed numerous acts of deviance from members of our society. The ones that stood out to me the most were as follows... April 1, 2016- In the Tanger Outlets, I observed a woman deliberately skip a line of at least 10 people. This caused negative spontaneous reactions from everyone in line. As I was waiting in line to pay for my shirt, a woman walked right ahead of everyone who was already in line and then went to the next available cashier. Immediately, the firstRead MoreIs Deviance And The Deviant Label That Is Put Upon Female Athletes?1814 Words   |  8 PagesTopic- The topic that I have chosen for my research paper is deviance. More specifically the deviant label that is put upon female athletes. Given that they are scrutinized for becoming their own people and dismissing the traditional ways a female should behave, I would like to look at not only how these athletes are treated, but how they respond to it. Also focusing on if this process has changed over time. Thesis- Throughout the course of history, the consensus regarding traditional genderRead MoreDeviance is defined as being conduct that is not segment of the averages in specific civilization.1000 Words   |  4 PagesDeviance is defined as being conduct that is not segment of the averages in specific civilization. This can be distinctive throughout the places because certain societies have very dissimilar standards. Conduct condition is a psychological syndrome acknowledged in juvenile that gives itself through a recurring and obstinate display of conduct in which the simple privileges of others and main age-appropriate standards are disrupted. Conduct disorder gives as destructive and discourteous conduct. TheseRead MoreDeviance : Deviance And Deviance1335 Words   |  6 Pages Deviance is defined as the fact or state of departing from usual or accepted standards, especially in social or sexual behavior. There are many different forms of deviance in today s society. Something that is viewed as being deviant in one culture might be seen as normal in another. There are many different types and theories in which define deviance, however their are 3 broad categories, these 3 categories are positivist, relativist, and critical conceptions of deviance. These 3 categories areRead MoreDeviance : Deviance And Deviance1292 Words   |  6 PagesCharacterizing deviance All Sociologists characterize deviant conduct as conduct that is seen as disregarding expected standards and principles. Deviance is significantly more than simply basic non-similarity; it is conduct that hauls out fundamentally from social desires. The sociological meaning of deviance puts accentuation on social connection, not ones conduct. Sociologists view abnormality as far as procedures inside of a gathering, judgements and definitions, not generally as curious individualRead MoreDeviance : Deviance And Deviance987 Words   |  4 PagesQuite frequently in our day-to-day lives we hear the word deviance†, but we never really know the concepts behind it, although, deviance exists in almost every society. It is recognized as a term with many theories behind it which gives an immense range of interpretations of what deviance is and is not. According to Brym and Lie, deviance is defined as â€Å"departure from a norm that evokes a negative reaction from others† (2015:96). In other words, when someone is doing something that the rest of the

Calculus Oaper - 13589 Words

http://www.terry.uga.edu/~dawndba/4500compulsoryhet.htm Compulsory Heterosexuality and Lesbian Existence †¨ Adrienne Rich Adrienne Rich s essay constitutes a powerful challenge to some of our least examined sexual assumptions. Rich turns all the familiar arguments on their heads: If the first erotic bond is to the mother, she asks, could not the natural sexual orientation of both men and women be toward women? Rich s radical questioning has been a major intellectual force in the general feminist reorientation to sexual matters in recent years, and her conception of a lesbian continuum sparked especially intense debate. Does lesbianism incorporate all support systems and intense interactions among women, or is†¦show more content†¦In none of these books, which concern themselves with mothering, sex roles, relationships, and societal prescriptions for women, is compulsory heterosexuality ever examined as an institution powerfully affecting all these; or the idea of preference or innate orientation even indirectly questioned. In For Her Own Good 150 Years of the Experts Advice to Women by Barbara Ehrenreich and Deirdre English, the authors superb pamphlets, Witches, Midwives and Nurses: A History of Women Healers, and Complaints and Disorders: The Sexual Politics of Sickness, are developed into a provocative and complex study Their thesis in this book is that the advice given American women by male health professionals, particularly in the areas of marital sex, maternity, and child care, has echoed the dictates of the economic marketplace and the role capitalism has needed women to play in production and/ or reproduction. Women have become the consumer victims of various cures, therapies, and normative judgments in different

The advantages and disadvantages of a business plan Free Essays

string(129) " the owner is not used to making business plans, people who will look to it will find out the weaknesses of his business skills\." Entering the world of business is not that easy. When starting a new venture, one should never come unprepared. If you started a new venture without planning anything first, chances are, you will end up going wherever the wind takes you. We will write a custom essay sample on The advantages and disadvantages of a business plan or any similar topic only for you Order Now That is why a business plan is a necessity for someone who is interested in starting a new venture. In the world of business, a business plan is treated like a bible for it lets investors and lenders know about the business you are trying to put up. It also serves as a manual for suppliers and other stakeholders of the business. A business plan may have its advantages but it also have its disadvantages. In this part of the paper, we shall look at the strong and weak points of developing a business plan for a new venture. However, a business plan is supposed to be an advantage to the business that is why the advantages, as expected, outnumber the disadvantages. Advantages One advantage of developing a business plan for a new venture is that it identifies what the consumer really wants. Of course, a business plan is all about making your target market patronize the product or service you are offering in your new business. Before you can make profits, you must first identify your target market and know what they really need or want. This is one important advantage of a business plan especially for those who are new in the business scenario. Once you identify what your target market really wants, you are most probably headed to indentifying the demand for the service or product you intend to offer. Identifying the demand for the product is also very important in launching a new venture because from this, you will know whether the service or product you are to offer is needed by the people. Of course, you cannot just think about your supplies and your suppliers. Those things will come after you determine the demand for your product. Aside from identifying the target market and the demand for the product or service, the advantages of a business plan also include assistance in designing your product that are appealing to the senses of the consumers. Since your purpose in developing a new venture is to make profit, the consumers’ senses are your main target. Designing your product is very important. It includes the packaging of the product and other advertising tools to make the people buy the product. This is also an important aspect of the business plan for it contributes a lot to the success of the business. Of course, if you are developing a â€Å"for-profit† business, making profit and paying debts will have to be included in your business plan. Aside from paying debts, your plan should also include measures on how to generate daily income. In this aspect, a business plan is very helpful because you already have your plans on how to manage the financial aspects of the business (which is one of the most important aspects). If you know exactly the financial path of what you are venturing, you are most likely to succeed in terms of profit. Another advantage of a business plan is that it makes the proprietor identify his competitors. When you have the knowledge about your competitors, you will be able to identify your competitive advantage over the competitor’s firm. Since you are developing a new business, it is important that you know exactly your edge in the business scenario over the others. If you have planned beforehand about your competitive advantage over the competitors, chances are, there will be product differentiation in the market. That is actually a good thing because it lessens competition within simi8lar firms. By analyzing your competitors, you will be able to create strategies that are effective even if there are many competitors in the market. A business plan is also advantageous because it enables us to indentify new product and service areas, and new or potential customers. In business, it is not only important to find the customers for some of them will not be loyal to your firm. It is hard to find new customers when you are just developing a new venture but it is much harder to retain them. The good thing about a business plan is that it helps the owner of the firm to identify potential customers. If it is hard for the owner to retain his customers, it would be very helpful to identify new or potential customers. In that way, at least, you will have your next resort. Lastly, an advantage of a business plan is that it allows the business owner to evaluate his business strategies and if his strategies are giving the desired results. What is good about a business plan is that it enables the owner to assess whether his strategies are effective or not. If he found out that his strategies are not effective enough to make the business succeed, he can immediately formulate new strategies to make the business succeed. As we all know, business strategies are very important, be it human resource, financial, etc. The business plan serves as a test for the formulated strategies and also serves as way to make room for improvement. If the owner finds out that there is something wrong with his first strategies, he will be able to change it right away and save his business from falling apart or incurring losses. Disadvantages Although we mentioned a lot of advantages in making business plans, it also has its drawbacks. If the owner is new in the world of business, he may not have all the business skills that a new venture requires. If he happens to be the one making his business plans, the business plan can be one way of identifying his weaknesses in dealing with business. If the owner is not used to making business plans, people who will look to it will find out the weaknesses of his business skills. You read "The advantages and disadvantages of a business plan" in category "Essay examples" Suppliers, investors, and lenders will most likely not to participate in the business when they find out that the person they are dealing with is not that skilled in business. Also, if the other stakeholders of the business find out that the person they are making arrangements with is not as skilled as they thought, they might not trust him with the success of the business. They might even plan to use his weaknesses or his business plan against him since they know that he is not a skillful businessman. Another disadvantage of a business plan is when it is not properly thought of. If the data in a business plan is not properly analyze, it may result to improper marketing decisions which will eventually have a bad effect on the business itself. Although a business plan helps a lot in making the business successful, it may also make the business fail if not done correctly. What makes it hard for a business to succeed is the impulsiveness of the business owners when it comes to decision making. Sometimes, the data in business plans are not analyzed properly that is why decisions are also made incorrectly. If the one who made the business plan is not a professional business consultant or is not really familiar with making a business plan, information can be interpreted incorrectly. The faulty interpretation of information can result to unrealistic financial projections. In a business, financial matters are very important that is why if financial statements are understated or overstated, it could greatly affect the business. If the information in the business plan is interpreted incorrectly, wrong decisions can be made. The owner can also make unrealistic projections about the financial aspects of the business which can cause further problems. This would greatly affect the future of the business. Since the business plan somewhat includes the mission and vision of the business, it would be a great problem if the business plan fails to make correct projections for the firm. If the business owner is not familiar with making business plans, he may opt to hire a business plan consultant. It is very advantageous actually since they offer quality service and they have been making business plans for many successful businesses. The disadvantage is that the service of these consultants is very expensive. Although they offer good service, it would cost you a lot. The money that can be added to your investment in the business will just go to the payment for the business consultant. If the business owner happens to be saving up for his new venture, he can resort to hiring an inexpensive business consultant which is not always good for the business. Sometimes, inexpensive consultants are not as good as the expensive ones. There are also some which uses software that makes business plans. They will just ask the owner of the business certain questions and then enter the information in the software they use. This will eventually lead to improper analysis of data and information in the business plan which will not do the business any good. Assessment of the Biz Air Plan Just by taking a look at the business plan’s executive summary, we can already have an idea that the financial projections are overstated. With only 6 aircrafts, their projected revenues were  £17.4 million. What I am trying to point out here is that what they are trying to build is an airline company and not just a convenient store or a clothing company. There were statements in the executive summary that seem to understate the losses in the first year. They even projected that there would be a 12% improvement in profits in the company’s second year and a long term 16% of sales in the third, fourth, and fifth year. Aside from wrong financial projections, I find the business plan full of assumptions.   For example, in the part where in they conducted customer analysis, they chose to conduct the study during lunchtime and interviewed people who dress like a business person. In other words, they just assumed that if a person is in corporate attire, he or she could be a potential customer since they assumed that he or she is a businessperson. There is also a part in the paper in which it is stated that â€Å"as long as the flights are not delayed, the post experience evaluation should be favourable.† I find this very assuming because it is not only the delay of the flight that affects on whether the customer will or will not like the new airline company. The satisfaction of the customer does not rest solely on the factor that their flight is on time. Factors such as cleanliness, safety, or the friendliness of the staff also affect the satisfaction of the customer. It is also mentioned in the business plan that through satisfying customers (that is in terms of not delaying their flights), they will serve as salesmen for the airline company who will try to suggest the company’s service to other people. I find this a little idealistic for business does not just go that way. Business does not only succeed through word of mouth. When they said that the customers will serve as the salesmen for the airline company, it gave me the impression that they were already assuming that the delay of the flight solely determines customer satisfaction which would later on result to advertising the company. It is very idealistic since they were sort of assuming that all the satisfied customers will endorse their company. Another thing that I found very disturbing about the paper is its being overconfident about the services it offers. Of course it is very important that you have confidence in the business that you are putting up but not to the point that you will sound boasting about your business that has not even tried by the people. You can see this in the part where in they discuss the advertising of the service. They mentioned that they are just going to advertise through newspapers and billboards near airports. I have nothing against that idea, actually. But you don’t have to say that you do not have to advertise in televisions because you are sure that once the news broke, there would be much television publicity that will come out. I think it will seem very unprofessional for those who will take a look at the business plan. Potential investors will have the impression that they are dealing with unprofessional people. Lastly, there are several faulty analysis and incorrect financial projections which can be the main cause of the failure of the business. Reference: 2004. Creating Your Business Plan. [Online]. Available: http://www.nvbdi.org/howto/biz_plan.php.   [29 July 2007] BELLIS, M. 2007. Creating A Marketing Plan for the Independent Inventor. [Online]. Available: http://inventors.about.com/od/licensingmarketing/a/tutor_marketing.htm. [29 July 2007] 2001. Approaches to Writing A Business Plan. [Online]. Available: http://www.caycon.com/plan_options.php. 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Organizational Learning Creating - Retaining and Transferring

Question: Discuss about the Organizational Learning for Creating, Retaining and Transferring. Answer: Introduction The purpose of this report is to examine the systems thinking to a learning organization to evaluate the concept of team learning and personal mastery to become proficient in work. Learning can occur individually by certain situations in an organization or it may occur within the organization system through team work. Team work enables development of the whole organization as well as achieving individual proficiency through team work (Hitt, 2013). Therefore, the team learning concept will be evaluated by comparison of system thinking and integrating it with personal mastery. Compare systems thinking to a learning organization Learning organization is one which embraces creative thought from employees in work environment to seek solutions to work-related problems. In such learning organization, employees act as active participant in transforming work flow and systems thinking is the key to promote organizational function. A learning organization can prosper by means of effective system thinking. To achieve the purpose of learning in organization, system thinking pattern needs to be change to develop team and individual employee. A leader or work manager in a learning organization can promote systems thinking by the ability to see wider angle of any action and seeing the inter-relationship between the cause and effect of any action.They do not operate in a limited vision and provide equal opportunity of learning to all workers (Senge, 2014). System thinking is an initiative to bring change in organization by shifting the paradigm of work culture from an unconnected team to interconnected team having the common objective of achieving the goals of the learning organization. Learning organization try to adopt continuously to change and achieve this by means of shared vision and commitment to consistently improve the quality of product and services. The whole team works together in response to change in business environment and learn from the experience too. This form of systems thinking helps a learning organization to go ahead of competitors in the market and achieve success in business by brining improvement in the service in a systematic manner (Fullan, 2014). However, another important point is that a learning organization can prosper not only by system thinking, but also by factors of personal mastery, mental models, building shared visions and team learning (Senge, 2014). Personal mastery is related to the employees e ffort of striving to work to their full potential and mental model is the management of mental conflicts by means of self-reflection and changing belief structure. As systems thinking emphasizes on connectedness of the organization as a whole, shared vision is extremely essential so that a team operates wisely and learns in the process (Dieleman, 2013). System thinking provides the learning organization with the support needed to create a culture of change. Employees working in such organization are very competitive and are committed to learning. Leader in learning organization provide a reference point to team member so that they create an ever-evolving structure that is based on future vision of the company. Therefore, systems thinking in team work teaches team member to manage changes and stretch their perceived knowledge limits to realize their new potential. Efficient leaders provide this competitive work culture to team members by exchange of ideas and shared vision to initiate new practice (Goetsch Davis, 2014). Integration of personal mastery with team learning concept Team work has many important benefits for a learning organization as it increases efficiency of work, increases production, leads to fast response to problem by taking feedback of other team members and helps to build mutual support in the organization. Organizations completely rely on team to execute their business strategy and team members learn in the process by adapting to organizational strategy and operations. However a team cannot be successful unless individual member commit to learn and give their best for the company. Their personal mastery is needed to balance the concept of team learning. This is because individual efforts translate into a team effort and their skills and knowledge in work act as a source of learning for the whole team. Commitment of each individual team member leads to the success of the team and it promotes organizational learning (Argote, 2012). Personal mastery is the skill and will required by every team member to learn and strengthen personal vision according to the needs of organization. The willingness of employees to grow and develop in job and achieve special proficiency leads to a team learning environment and they try to collect new ideas with the vision for a better future for the company. The personal competency and talent in job inspires other team members to achieve the same position and such talented transfer their positive vibes and attitude to other team members. These events ultimately create a mechanism in organization by which team learning is integrated in daily practice (Mehrabi et al., 2013). Therefore, such employees with high level of motivation to accomplish personal mastery is hard to find and leaders can play a role in creating a culture that allows them to pursuit excellence in job by means of awards and incentive schemes. In such situation, all employees will commit to learn and achieve mastery in developing professional skills according to the demands of the job. People with personal mastery can overcome the gap between reality and vision and they always seek new opportunity to learn. Such individual can be beneficial for team learning to sustaining and support challenges faced in work (Frese Keith, 2015). Conclusion From the report, it can be conclude that learning organization can be developed by means of system thinking and personal mastery. Learning organization try to plan strategies so as to facilitate team work by means of shared learning to bring positive results for team, staffs as well as the individual. The alignment between system thinking and personal mastery is necessary to promote continuous learning as part of organization practice. Relevant actions in team learning initiative encourage effective collaboration between team members and empower people towards a collective vision. Reference Argote, L. (2012).Organizational learning: Creating, retaining and transferring knowledge. Springer Science Business Media. Dieleman, H. (2013). Organizational learning for resilient cities, through realizing eco-cultural innovations.Journal of Cleaner Production,50, 171-180. Frese, M., Keith, N. (2015). Action errors, error management, and learning in organizations.Annual review of psychology,66, 661-687. Fullan, M. (2014).Leading in a culture of change personal action guide and workbook. John Wiley Sons. Goetsch, D. L., Davis, S. B. (2014).Quality management for organizational excellence. pearson. Hitt, W. D. (2013). The learning organization: some reflections on organizational renewal.Employee Councelling Today. Mehrabi, J., Soltani, I., Alemzadeh, M., Jadidi, M. (2013). Explaining the Relationship between Organizational Structure and Dimensions of Learning Organizations (Case study: Education Organization in Boroojerd County and the Related Departments).International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences,3(4), 116. Senge, P. M. (2014).The dance of change: The challenges to sustaining momentum in a learning organization. Crown Business.