Does Espérer Need the Subjunctive

The French verb espà ©rer  means to hope, and espà ©rer may require the subjunctive, depending on whether it is used affirmatively, negatively or interrogatively. If youre using espà ©rer affirmatively, it does not require the subjunctive. Example Jespà ¨re quil viendra.I hope he comes. (Note: When espà ©rer is used affirmatively, it is normally followed by the future tense, rather than the present tense.)   But if youre using espà ©rer negatively or interrogatively, the verb requires the subjunctive. Examples Je nespà ¨re pas quil vienne.  I dont hope that hes coming. (Note: I dont hope hes coming is not the same as I hope hes not coming. The latter would be an affirmative use of the term and therefore would not require the subjunctive.) Espà ¨res-tu quil vienne ?Do you hope that hes coming?

Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger - 1159 Words

Catcher in the Rye is one of the most famous books in American literature. Written by J. D. Salinger, it captures the epitome of adolescence through Salinger’s infamous anti-hero, Holden Caulfield. Holden Caulfield learns about himself and his negative tendencies, and realizes that if he does not do something to change his perspective, he may end up like his acquaintance James Castle whom he met at Elkton Hills. Holden tries to find help to mend his outlook on life through Mr. Antolini so he does not end up like James, who did not want to face the problems he created for himself. This is proven by the similarities between James Castle and Holden, Mr. Antolini’s willingness to try and help Holden, and Holden’s future being forecasted by†¦show more content†¦While talking to Holden, Mr. Antolini says, â€Å"This fall I think youre riding for- it’s a special kind of fall, a horrible kind. The man permitted isn’t allowed to feel or hear himse lf hit bottom† (187). Mr. Antolini is implying that Holden will not realize when he has reached an all time low. Mr. Antolini is also implying that somehow if Holden keeps going on this downward path down, he could possibly even end up dead as well, however that might happen. Mr. Antolini is trying to warn him of this fall and try to help him, before he hits the ground. Mr. Antolini was not able catch James Castle and is trying to make sure the same thing does not happen to Holden. Mr. Antolini says to Holden, â€Å"So they gave up looking. They gave it up before they ever really even got started† (187). Mr. Antolini is telling Holden that he has not hit the bottom of his fall yet. He still has time left to turn his life around before it is too late. James Castle jumped out the window and gave up on life, even though it did not have to be the end. In Catcher in the Rye, Phoebe makes Holden realize that he must change his ways in order prevent himself from creating a mo tif of James’ life. When Holden visits Phoebe, she figures out that Holden got kicked out of Pencey, and â€Å"all she kept saying was, ‘Daddy’s gonna kill you’† (165). Phoebe is genuinely concerned for her brother, and tries to help him. Even though she does notShow MoreRelatedThe Catcher Of The Rye, By J. D. Salinger1699 Words   |  7 Pages The play Macbeth, written by William Shakespeare, and the novel The Catcher in the Rye, written by J. D. Salinger follow the lives of two protagonists’ as they are each individually shaped by society’s idea of prosperity. The protagonists of both the novel and the play, Holden and Macbeth, exhibit similar qualities that allow them to attempt to achieve ultimate greatness and find success. Both the novel The Catcher in the Rye and the play Macbeth demonstrate the pressure there is on men to prosperRead MoreThe Catcher in the Rye by J. D. 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Some items of symbolism are Holdens’ brothers baseball mit, the schools Holden gets kicked out of, and the carousels gold rings. The baseball mit and the carousels’ gold rings are positive representation of symbolism, whereas the schools, are negative. The baseball mit, Holden has from his dead brother Allie, keeps Holden tranquil. The baseball mit first appears in theRead MoreArrogance in The Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger Essay examples1767 Words   |  8 Pagesreally mean? According to merriam-webster.com (2014), the definition of arrogance is, â€Å"an insulting way of thinking or behaving that comes from believing you are better, smarter,or more important than other people† (Def. 1). In the novels The Catcher in the Rye and Siddhartha, the main characters both possess the trait of arrogance, but both express the trait in different forms. The root causes for both characters arrogance are very unrelated, but both roots lead to the same ending. Two completelyRead MoreThe Catcher In The Rye by J. D. Salinger and Looking For Alaska by John Green1729 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican history. The Catcher In The Rye and Looking For Alaska, two American novels about young adulthood, provide an insight on the commonalities and differences between these two generations and their unique American experiences. The two novels written by J.D. Salinger and John Green, respectively, were written fifty-four years apart, but their similarities are nonpareil. In fact, Green cites The Catcher In The Rye as an inspiration for his novel. The Catcher In The Rye and Looking For AlaskaRead MoreA Short Biography of J.D. Salinger1316 Words   |  6 Pages J. D. Salinger was an American writer who wrote fiction short stories and novels. Some critics dont like his books, yet others do. He had a remarkable life and story. Salinger was an influential 20th century American writer whose works were very scrutinized. Jerome David Salinger was born on January 1, 1919. 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Political Stupidity Free Essays

Amanda Ortiz, Swetaben Ahir, Nga Le, and Shantel Palmer Professor McDade English 1302 October 15, 2012 Political Stupidity, U. S. Style In E . We will write a custom essay sample on Political Stupidity or any similar topic only for you Order Now J. Dionne’s essay, â€Å"Political Stupidity, U. S. Style† he wants to address the political stupidity that the government is making. To start his argument, he raises an emotional question, â€Å"Can a nation remain a superpower if its internal politics are incorrigibly stupid? † The author is saying are we letting politics, irrational ideas on fiscal policy and an antiquated political structure undermine our power. He divides political stupidity into three parts: stupid tax policies, irrational ideas on fiscal policy and antiquated political structure. In his essay, â€Å"Political Stupidity, U. S Style,† Dionne employs ethos, connotation and an emotional appeal. In paragraph sixteen, Dionne uses ethos. He writes, â€Å"I’m a chronic optimist about America. † E. J. Dionne is confident about the future to get better but we need well intentioned republicans who care about the nation interest to realize something has gone fundamentally wrong with their party and work to help bring it back. To get rid of political stupidity, he wants to form a senate, a new conservatism that is worthy of our name, liberals willing to speak out on the threat our daft politics poses to our influence in the world, and moderates. However the readers might have complete trust of the government of the United States and so they might not like someone questioning their credibility. In paragraph number seventeen, Dionne uses connotation saying â€Å"We need moderates who do more than stick their fingers in the wind to calculate the halfway point between two political poles. Dionne is hoping to make people aware of the political stupidity and the need to bring change in the system of politics. Sticking their fingers in the wind, means a person putting his finger in the wind is unlikely to come up with original solutions, and decisions are made without backing evidence. It says that the politicians are making blind decisions without even thinking about its consequences. It also makes them look li ke fools running the country. However, if some people think that the politicians were fools, the United States would not have been a super power. In paragraph seven, Dionne uses a strict emotional appeal as a mean to persuade his audience. He writes, â€Å"The simple truth is that the wealthy in the United States- the people who have made almost all the income gains in recent years- are under taxed compared with everyone else. † Consider two reports from the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. One, issued last month, highlighted findings from the Congressional Budget Office showing that, â€Å"The gaps in after-tax income between the richest 1 percent of Americans and the middle and poorest fifths of the country more than tripled between 1979 and 2007. The other, from February, used Internal Revenue Service data to show that the effective federal income tax rate for the 400 taxpayers with the very highest incomes declined by nearly half in just over a decade, even as their pre-tax incomes have grown five times larger. He writes this, hoping that by using the reports from the Congressional Budget Office, he would be able to prove his point that the United States is politically stupid. It seems as if he is trying to bring awareness among the people of the United States about the decisions made by politicians. Although he has demonstrated his evidence very convincingly and it seems that he would get his readers attention and they would listen to his concerns but some of his readers think that he is being blunt and through his essay he is making direct acquisitions on the politicians of the United States. The United States is falling behind and the public seems not to notice. In paragraph number fourteen, Dionne talks about the structure of our government. He talks about how the ratio between the largest and smallest state was 13 to 1. Now it’s 68 to 1. He writes,† because of the abuse of the filibuster, 41 senators representing less than 11 percent of the national population can, in principle, block action supported by 59 senators representing more than 89 percent of our population. And you wonder why it’s hard to get anything done in Washington? ’’ Dionne gives convincing evidence to support his claim which is the politics of the United States is stupid. He uses ethos and shows his concerns by saying he is a chronic optimist about America. He also uses reports to prove his point and persuade the audience. However he seems blunt and tells it like it is without any fear. How to cite Political Stupidity, Papers