Discuss Hamlet as a revenge tragedy Research Paper

Examine Hamlet as a retribution disaster - Research Paper Example Proposal proclamation: The fundamental components of the play Hamlet demonstrates its significance as a vengeance catastrophe (extraordinary references to the components of retribution disaster like retribution, phantom, hero’s faltering, frenzy, skilled miscreants, philosophical substance, awfulness and self destruction/murder) Hamlet as a vengeance disaster As brought up, the essential components of vengeance catastrophe are pertinent to the play Hamlet by William Shakespeare. The essential components of vengeance catastrophe like retribution, apparition, hero’s wavering, franticness, competent miscreants, philosophical substance, repulsiveness and self destruction/murder are talked about under. A. Retribution: One can see that vengeance is the most significant component of the play. Inside this specific situation, Hamlet’s retribution is to be considered as most significant in light of the fact that his point was to recapture the lost respect of his dad. Simul taneously retribution drives him towards his definitive fate toward the finish of the play. Rebecca W. Bushnell brings up that the essential nature of a retribution catastrophe is simply the protagonist’s failure to comprehend his own self or the outside world (68). From an alternate point of view, Hamlet’s retribution can be assessed as his endeavor to escape from mental and passionate injury starting from his own inclination/dread of losing his mom. To put it plainly, retribution is the principle segment of the play which entangles the hero (Hamlet) and his adversaries. B. Apparition: The fundamental component of vengeance catastrophe comprises of the nearness of a phantom, which diminishes the deeds of the hero and acts the job of an inspiration to deliver retribution. Inside the setting of Hamlet the play, King Hamlet’s phantom acts the job of the apparition who profoundly impacts ruler Hamlet to deliver retribution of his father’s awkward passing and the accompanying occurrences. The apparition energizes Hamlet by calling attention to that â€Å"So craftsmanship thou to vindicate, when thou shalt hear† (16). One can without much of a stretch recognize that the ghost’s motivation powers Hamlet to be dubious about his uncle’s and mother’s jobs in the intrigue against his dad. Be that as it may, he dithers to have confidence in apparition and attempts to overlook. Bit by bit, the apparition powers his child to decimate his foes and to recover the seat. So, the nearness of phantom, like the other retribution plays, lights fierceness in the brain of the hero and powers him to deliver retribution of his father’s passing. C. Hero’s dithering Like other retribution catastrophe legends, Hamlet didn't trust in apparitions. At the point when his father’s phantom attempted to impact him, he didn't have faith in him and wavered to act against his foes. Afterward, his companion constrained him to act as indicated by the desire of the phantom and to act against his adversaries. Paul Arthur Cantor opines that Oedipus complex obstructed Hamlet from his activities (21). The hero’s wavering can be assessed from various levels. For example, he didn't know about the nearness of his dad as the phantom. Afterward, he missed more than one endeavor to slaughter his uncle. This wavering caused more difficulties throughout his life since he coincidentally executed an instructor who was so near his uncle. This dithering eventually drove him towards his fate at long last. D. Frenzy Madness, regardless of whether acted or genuine is one of the most significant components of vengeance catastrophes. At the point when this component is superimposed to the setting of the play Hamlet, one can without much of a stretch distinguish that Hamlet’s franticness was not genuine. For example, Hamlet acted himself as a distraught individual since he needed to find out about the deeds of his adversaries. He knew about

Aim of Life 4 Essay Example

Point of Life 4 Essay Example Point of Life 4 Essay Point of Life 4 Essay Mr. President Respected educators and dear colleagues The given recommendation of the day is â€Å"my point in life† Sir , point is significant in life,it carries every one of our energies to one point. Robert Browning says : â€Å"The point, whenever came to or not makes incredible the life† It gives guidance for our endeavors. Our point resembles a managing star. What makes life miserable is the need of thought process. At the point when a man doesn't have the foggiest idea what harbor he is making for,no wint is the privilege wint . Point that suits the idea of a man is the best for him. Mr. President Sir, I want to be an educator. Almost certainly , educator everywhere throughout the world are low-paid individuals . ecause the world can't pay for their administrations. There are a few purposes behind my decision. It is a nobel calling . The best individuals on the planet are the individuals who instruct others. To me this is the main calling wherein a man can serve his country in the most ideal way. Specialists may manufacture fabulous buildings,metalled streets , huge dams . specialists may treat the patient and may place life into the dead; considerate and military officials may flaunt their administrations to the country. But,are they not what their instructor have made them ? Mr. President Sir, An instructor resembles a stepping stool which stays at its place,but helps other people to go ever more elevated. Rather than being a designers a specialist , or an official, it is smarter to be an architect. maker,a specialist producer . It is just the men are made in the instructing foundations. Mr. President Sir, Whatever others think about my point, I am fulfilled that by being an educator I can do much for my nation in an other manner. This point is as indicated by my taste and nature . Goving against it would bring about only mischief and disarray of mint. Words worth has stated: An honorable point, loyally kept, is as a respectable deed; In whose unadulterated sight all righteousness succeed. Much appreciated.

19 Tips to Manage Holiday Stress Smoke-Free

19 Tips to Manage Holiday Stress Smoke-Free More in Addiction Nicotine Use After You Quit How to Quit Smoking Nicotine Withdrawal Smoking-Related Diseases The Inside of Cigarettes Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Coping and Recovery Fa-la-la-la-ugh! The holiday season is a stressful time of year for most people. For those of us who are working to quit smoking, the holidays can be especially challenging. Use these tips to help you manage holiday stress smoke-free: 1) Get Enough Rest When were tired and run down, cravings to smoke will seem stronger while we feel less able to manage them. Get enough sleep at night  and take a power nap during the day if you can. 2) Reduce Caffeine Many of us reach for a cup of coffee when we need an energy boost, but too much caffeine can leave us feeling jittery and stressed. Avoid extra cups of coffee to stay awake. Rest if youre tired. 3) Drink Your Water Not only is water a great craving-buster, but its also an essential ingredient in a healthy diet. Keep yourself well-hydrated and youll feel better in general, which will, in turn, help you manage holiday stress more easily. 4) Eat a Well-Balanced Diet Enjoy holiday treats, but be sure to give your body the fuel it needs to function properly. Eating a well-balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, protein, and complex carbohydrates will help keep you at your best, both physically and mentally. 5) Go for a Walk Walking reduces stress and improves circulation. It also releases endorphins, the feel good hormone. So, when the urge to smoke strikes, head out for a quick walk around the block. You’ll come back refreshed and relaxed. If the weather is bad, use the treadmill or take a walk at an indoor mall. 6) Breathe! Deep breathing is a quick way to reduce stress. Breathe in through your nose for a count of three and exhale through your mouth for a count of three. Repeat this for a few minutes, and the tension in your body will begin to fall away. 7) Schedule Time for Yourself While youre running around taking care of holiday tasks, be sure to schedule a little me time daily. Take a hot bath or spend a half-hour in a quiet corner with a good book (or both). Choose activities that replenish your energy and renew your spirit. Avoid piling on of stress and youll find it easier to manage your holidays without reaching for a cigarette. 8) Have a Cup of Tea It only takes a few minutes with a cup of tea and honey to feel the stress of the day begin to slip away. Choose herbal teas rather than those with caffeine. Its a quick and easy way to rejuvenate yourself. 9) Focus on Today Use a daily list to help you organize tasks. Dont overwhelm yourself by looking at the whole picture: Keep things simple and in the present moments of the day you have in front of you. Youll be more efficient and less stressed. 10) Dont Strive for Perfection We are often our own worst critics. Youre working hard to quit smoking, so give yourself permission to loosen your expectations a little for this holiday season. In other words, dont try to do it all. Think instead in terms of what is good enough rather than stressing over every detail. 11) Take a Mini Mental Vacation Meditation is another great tool. Close your eyes and create a place in your mind that you can visualize when you need to slow down and relax. Return to the same imaginary location every time so that it becomes familiar and comfortable. As you settle in, focus on your breathing, and slow it down gradually. Breathe deeply in and out for three  to five minutes. 12) Delegate Enlist the help of others to complete holiday tasks. Involve family members and friends; theyre usually happy to help if asked. 13) Minimize and Simplify Its so easy to take too much at this time of year. Make a list of things youd like to accomplish and prioritize them. Decide what things must be done, and what things could be let go if need be. Sometimes less is more! 14) Avoid Financial Stress Dont threaten your smobriety with worries about money. Make a holiday budget and stick to it. 15) Remember Why You Quit Smoking Dont lose sight of the bigger picture during the holiday season. The reasons you quit smoking are as valid today as they were the day you quit. Take five  minutes and refresh your memory by reading your list of reasons. 16) Acknowledge Your Grief If you get the holiday blues, take steps to acknowledge and manage your feelings. Denial only makes holiday depression worse. 17) Call a Friend Take a few minutes to connect with someone you care about. Your spirits will be lifted, and chances are you’ll lift theirs too. 18) Count Your Blessings Spend some time reflecting on all of the things in your life that you’re grateful for. Its a simple  yet powerful way to pull out of a slump and renew yourself. 19) Practice Makes Perfect Smoking cessation is a process of gradual release over time. The associations weve built up between smoking and the activities in our lives over the years must be changed, one by one. And the only way to do that is by simply living life, day in and day out, smoke-free. Navigating the holidays minus the cigarettes is a necessary part of the journey. While this first smoke-free holiday season may feel uncomfortable or downright difficult at times, youre working to cement new habits in place. Keep your focus and meet the challenges that come along with confidence. You can do this, and youll thank yourself when the holidays are behind you and youre still smoke-free. Have a great, smoke-free holiday season!

Does Espérer Need the Subjunctive

The French verb espà ©rer  means to hope, and espà ©rer may require the subjunctive, depending on whether it is used affirmatively, negatively or interrogatively. If youre using espà ©rer affirmatively, it does not require the subjunctive. Example Jespà ¨re quil viendra.I hope he comes. (Note: When espà ©rer is used affirmatively, it is normally followed by the future tense, rather than the present tense.)   But if youre using espà ©rer negatively or interrogatively, the verb requires the subjunctive. Examples Je nespà ¨re pas quil vienne.  I dont hope that hes coming. (Note: I dont hope hes coming is not the same as I hope hes not coming. The latter would be an affirmative use of the term and therefore would not require the subjunctive.) Espà ¨res-tu quil vienne ?Do you hope that hes coming?

Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger - 1159 Words

Catcher in the Rye is one of the most famous books in American literature. Written by J. D. Salinger, it captures the epitome of adolescence through Salinger’s infamous anti-hero, Holden Caulfield. Holden Caulfield learns about himself and his negative tendencies, and realizes that if he does not do something to change his perspective, he may end up like his acquaintance James Castle whom he met at Elkton Hills. Holden tries to find help to mend his outlook on life through Mr. Antolini so he does not end up like James, who did not want to face the problems he created for himself. This is proven by the similarities between James Castle and Holden, Mr. Antolini’s willingness to try and help Holden, and Holden’s future being forecasted by†¦show more content†¦While talking to Holden, Mr. Antolini says, â€Å"This fall I think youre riding for- it’s a special kind of fall, a horrible kind. The man permitted isn’t allowed to feel or hear himse lf hit bottom† (187). Mr. Antolini is implying that Holden will not realize when he has reached an all time low. Mr. Antolini is also implying that somehow if Holden keeps going on this downward path down, he could possibly even end up dead as well, however that might happen. Mr. Antolini is trying to warn him of this fall and try to help him, before he hits the ground. Mr. Antolini was not able catch James Castle and is trying to make sure the same thing does not happen to Holden. Mr. Antolini says to Holden, â€Å"So they gave up looking. They gave it up before they ever really even got started† (187). Mr. Antolini is telling Holden that he has not hit the bottom of his fall yet. He still has time left to turn his life around before it is too late. James Castle jumped out the window and gave up on life, even though it did not have to be the end. In Catcher in the Rye, Phoebe makes Holden realize that he must change his ways in order prevent himself from creating a mo tif of James’ life. When Holden visits Phoebe, she figures out that Holden got kicked out of Pencey, and â€Å"all she kept saying was, ‘Daddy’s gonna kill you’† (165). Phoebe is genuinely concerned for her brother, and tries to help him. Even though she does notShow MoreRelatedThe Catcher Of The Rye, By J. D. Salinger1699 Words   |  7 Pages The play Macbeth, written by William Shakespeare, and the novel The Catcher in the Rye, written by J. D. Salinger follow the lives of two protagonists’ as they are each individually shaped by society’s idea of prosperity. The protagonists of both the novel and the play, Holden and Macbeth, exhibit similar qualities that allow them to attempt to achieve ultimate greatness and find success. Both the novel The Catcher in the Rye and the play Macbeth demonstrate the pressure there is on men to prosperRead MoreThe Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger602 Words   |  2 PagesAdolescents have to face challenges because they are still developing, yet at times are treated as fully developed human beings. J. D. Salinger explores the thoughts of an adolescent in his book, The Catcher in the Rye, showing Holden Caulfield’s perspective of the world. Holden Caulfield shows symptoms of mental illness because he is constantly depressed by everything, beyond what a normal adolescent should be feeling. Holden shows signs of depression because he is, shockingly, depressed. He cannotRead MoreThe Catcher in the Rye, by J. D. Salinger1187 Words   |  5 Pagesto be considered abnormal, either because of no obvious environmental causes, or because the reaction to unfortunate life circumstances is more intense or prolonged than would generally be expected (Random House). Throughout the novel, â€Å"The Catcher in the Rye,† the reader is inside the head of the troubled and depressed main character and narrator, Holden Caulfield. We, as the readers are able to see every thought that Holden has throughout the novel. Many of Holden’s thoughts scream depression.Read MoreThe Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger2004 Words   |  9 PagesThe Catcher in the Rye is a popular novel written by J.D. Salinger. Published in 1951, the book was originally written for adults, but it is now remembered and adored by people from all parts of the world and people from all walks of life â€⠀œ especially by teenagers – a likely effect that was only inevitable considering the center stage of the narrator the great crumby flake Holden Caulfield, to use his style of speaking, who accurately portrayed teenage angst and loneliness in a style that many youngstersRead MoreSymbolism In The Catcher In The Rye By J. D. Salinger791 Words   |  4 PagesIn the Catcher in the Rye, by J.D. Salinger, there are many items of symbolism. The symbolism in the story keeps Holden sain. Some items of symbolism are Holdens’ brothers baseball mit, the schools Holden gets kicked out of, and the carousels gold rings. The baseball mit and the carousels’ gold rings are positive representation of symbolism, whereas the schools, are negative. The baseball mit, Holden has from his dead brother Allie, keeps Holden tranquil. The baseball mit first appears in theRead MoreArrogance in The Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger Essay examples1767 Words   |  8 Pagesreally mean? According to merriam-webster.com (2014), the definition of arrogance is, â€Å"an insulting way of thinking or behaving that comes from believing you are better, smarter,or more important than other people† (Def. 1). In the novels The Catcher in the Rye and Siddhartha, the main characters both possess the trait of arrogance, but both express the trait in different forms. The root causes for both characters arrogance are very unrelated, but both roots lead to the same ending. Two completelyRead MoreThe Catcher In The Rye by J. D. Salinger and Looking For Alaska by John Green1729 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican history. The Catcher In The Rye and Looking For Alaska, two American novels about young adulthood, provide an insight on the commonalities and differences between these two generations and their unique American experiences. The two novels written by J.D. Salinger and John Green, respectively, were written fifty-four years apart, but their similarities are nonpareil. In fact, Green cites The Catcher In The Rye as an inspiration for his novel. The Catcher In The Rye and Looking For AlaskaRead MoreA Short Biography of J.D. Salinger1316 Words   |  6 Pages J. D. Salinger was an American writer who wrote fiction short stories and novels. Some critics dont like his books, yet others do. He had a remarkable life and story. Salinger was an influential 20th century American writer whose works were very scrutinized. Jerome David Salinger was born on January 1, 1919. He was known as J. D. Salinger. He was born in New York, New York. His fathers name was Sol Salinger. His mothers name was Miriam Jillich Salinger. His father was Jewish and his motherRead MoreJD Salinger Research Paper1671 Words   |  7 Pages Jerome David Salinger, also known as J. D. Salinger, is a fascinating author best known for his novel, Catcher in the Rye. Although Salinger only published one novel, he wrote several short stories for magazines like The New Yorker and Story. A large number of these stories went on to be compiled into books such as Nine Stories, Franny and Zooey, and Raise High the Roof Beam, Carpenters and Seymour: An Introduction. Despite the fact Salinger has not published any stories in over 45 years, his reputationRead MoreCatcher In The Rye Essay example1672 Words   |  7 PagesFrom the Outside, Looking In Despite the debate that may wage on regarding the status to be afforded J. D. Salingers writings, the authors books have not quietly faded into obscurity. Although published almost a half-century ago, the authors most famous work, Catcher in the Rye, enjoys almost as healthy and devoted a following today as the book did when it was first published. Because of a self-imposed exile that began almost at the same time the Salingers career was just taking off, much

Political Stupidity Free Essays

Amanda Ortiz, Swetaben Ahir, Nga Le, and Shantel Palmer Professor McDade English 1302 October 15, 2012 Political Stupidity, U. S. Style In E . We will write a custom essay sample on Political Stupidity or any similar topic only for you Order Now J. Dionne’s essay, â€Å"Political Stupidity, U. S. Style† he wants to address the political stupidity that the government is making. To start his argument, he raises an emotional question, â€Å"Can a nation remain a superpower if its internal politics are incorrigibly stupid? † The author is saying are we letting politics, irrational ideas on fiscal policy and an antiquated political structure undermine our power. He divides political stupidity into three parts: stupid tax policies, irrational ideas on fiscal policy and antiquated political structure. In his essay, â€Å"Political Stupidity, U. S Style,† Dionne employs ethos, connotation and an emotional appeal. In paragraph sixteen, Dionne uses ethos. He writes, â€Å"I’m a chronic optimist about America. † E. J. Dionne is confident about the future to get better but we need well intentioned republicans who care about the nation interest to realize something has gone fundamentally wrong with their party and work to help bring it back. To get rid of political stupidity, he wants to form a senate, a new conservatism that is worthy of our name, liberals willing to speak out on the threat our daft politics poses to our influence in the world, and moderates. However the readers might have complete trust of the government of the United States and so they might not like someone questioning their credibility. In paragraph number seventeen, Dionne uses connotation saying â€Å"We need moderates who do more than stick their fingers in the wind to calculate the halfway point between two political poles. Dionne is hoping to make people aware of the political stupidity and the need to bring change in the system of politics. Sticking their fingers in the wind, means a person putting his finger in the wind is unlikely to come up with original solutions, and decisions are made without backing evidence. It says that the politicians are making blind decisions without even thinking about its consequences. It also makes them look li ke fools running the country. However, if some people think that the politicians were fools, the United States would not have been a super power. In paragraph seven, Dionne uses a strict emotional appeal as a mean to persuade his audience. He writes, â€Å"The simple truth is that the wealthy in the United States- the people who have made almost all the income gains in recent years- are under taxed compared with everyone else. † Consider two reports from the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. One, issued last month, highlighted findings from the Congressional Budget Office showing that, â€Å"The gaps in after-tax income between the richest 1 percent of Americans and the middle and poorest fifths of the country more than tripled between 1979 and 2007. The other, from February, used Internal Revenue Service data to show that the effective federal income tax rate for the 400 taxpayers with the very highest incomes declined by nearly half in just over a decade, even as their pre-tax incomes have grown five times larger. He writes this, hoping that by using the reports from the Congressional Budget Office, he would be able to prove his point that the United States is politically stupid. It seems as if he is trying to bring awareness among the people of the United States about the decisions made by politicians. Although he has demonstrated his evidence very convincingly and it seems that he would get his readers attention and they would listen to his concerns but some of his readers think that he is being blunt and through his essay he is making direct acquisitions on the politicians of the United States. The United States is falling behind and the public seems not to notice. In paragraph number fourteen, Dionne talks about the structure of our government. He talks about how the ratio between the largest and smallest state was 13 to 1. Now it’s 68 to 1. He writes,† because of the abuse of the filibuster, 41 senators representing less than 11 percent of the national population can, in principle, block action supported by 59 senators representing more than 89 percent of our population. And you wonder why it’s hard to get anything done in Washington? ’’ Dionne gives convincing evidence to support his claim which is the politics of the United States is stupid. He uses ethos and shows his concerns by saying he is a chronic optimist about America. He also uses reports to prove his point and persuade the audience. However he seems blunt and tells it like it is without any fear. How to cite Political Stupidity, Papers

Parallelism In Greek And Inuit Mythology Essays - Mythology

Parallelism in Greek and Inuit Mythology The very early creation legends are difficult to trace to their original sources, since they were passed along by word of mouth from one generation to the next. There are many different legends about the origin of the earth, some similar to those told in other cultures. It is interesting that most of these legends can be tied together in one or more ways. The Greek and Inuit tribe versions of early existence are related in many ways. In both interpretations there is one creator. The Greek version explains that Eurynome, the goddess of all things, rises naked from chaos and finds nothing for her feet to stand on. She then separates the sea from the sky and dances upon the waves to the south, where later her hands would turn into a serpent (Switzer 10). Similarly, in the Inuit interpretation, a raven is born out of darkness and chaos. He searches around the dark trying to find his position; he finds water, grass and trees. After contemplating about who he is and what makes the grass grow, he eventually realizes that he is the Raven Father, the creator of all life (Ingpen 67). Secondly, both interpretations use the bird as the principal creator of all things. It is thought that Eurynome is the author of the universe. She becomes pregnant when her serpent hands coil around her. Next, she assumes the form of a dove and lays a huge egg which the serpent keeps warm until it hatches. The egg brings forth all the things that now exist: the sun, moon, planets, stars, and the earth with its mountains, valleys, stream, lakes, all living creatures, including the first humans (Switzer 11). In like manner, Raven flies through the darkness and finds a new land, for which he calls Earth. One day, he notices a giant pea pod and watches it as it splits open and produces a man. He creates the ox and caribou for the man to eat but tells him not to harm them (Ingpen 68). He continues to create animals, but then creates a woman to be the man's companion. Soon the man and woman reproduce and there are many children. Although similar in some ways, the two creation myths also contrast in several ways. The Greek version illustrates that Eurynome asexually becomes pregnant and lays an egg. This giant egg holds all things that now exist. In complete contrast, Raven witnesses man being brought to life through a giant pea pod. It is then when he creates a woman so that they can reproduce and have many children. In conclusion, the Inuit and Greek creation myths compare and contrast in different ways. Although told in two different eras by two completely different cultures, the two legends are still comparable in several ways. There is a variety of legends about the origin of the earth, but similarities can be traced through practically all of them.

Free Essays on Reporting Violence In Newspapers

Abortion A woman owns her body and should have the right if she wants to have an Abortion. Legal abortions can save a woman’s life if there is complications with the unborn fetus. Abortions help over several complications that can be a result from childbirth. Also legal abortions can prevent women from getting back-ally abortions that can result in diseases, mutilations and death (9 Reasons). Others will say that if abortion becomes illegalized then this is a result of discrimination towards women. It is discriminating towards low- income women because not all women can afford to travel when its is necessary to received a legal and safe abortion(9 Reasons). Over the years women have had complications with childbirth. Women with heart diseases, Kidney disease and other illnesses can result in not only the fetus dying but also the mother that has complication with the birth. Abortion prevents women from having complications. If abortions was not illegal women and children deaths would have increases from these complications. No matter what, if a woman wants to have an abortions she will find every way to receive one. Legal abortion is the safest way. Not only does the mother have the medical needs received from a doctor but the abortion is safer, diseases free and the mother is less likely to die from the procedure. It is one of the many ways to prevent back-ally abortions that have been the cause of several deaths among pregnant women. Sever people agree that if abortion was illegalized then that would be discriminating against low-income women that can’t afford to travel to other countries to receive a safe and legal abortion. Again they are forced to a back-ally abortion that can result in death. Also others might say that a unborn child is not a human being so the result of abortion is not murdering a human(Sykes, Margaret & Ward, Dr. Roy Bowen). In any way a woman is more then a holder for a unborn baby, ... Free Essays on Reporting Violence In Newspapers Free Essays on Reporting Violence In Newspapers Abortion A woman owns her body and should have the right if she wants to have an Abortion. Legal abortions can save a woman’s life if there is complications with the unborn fetus. Abortions help over several complications that can be a result from childbirth. Also legal abortions can prevent women from getting back-ally abortions that can result in diseases, mutilations and death (9 Reasons). Others will say that if abortion becomes illegalized then this is a result of discrimination towards women. It is discriminating towards low- income women because not all women can afford to travel when its is necessary to received a legal and safe abortion(9 Reasons). Over the years women have had complications with childbirth. Women with heart diseases, Kidney disease and other illnesses can result in not only the fetus dying but also the mother that has complication with the birth. Abortion prevents women from having complications. If abortions was not illegal women and children deaths would have increases from these complications. No matter what, if a woman wants to have an abortions she will find every way to receive one. Legal abortion is the safest way. Not only does the mother have the medical needs received from a doctor but the abortion is safer, diseases free and the mother is less likely to die from the procedure. It is one of the many ways to prevent back-ally abortions that have been the cause of several deaths among pregnant women. Sever people agree that if abortion was illegalized then that would be discriminating against low-income women that can’t afford to travel to other countries to receive a safe and legal abortion. Again they are forced to a back-ally abortion that can result in death. Also others might say that a unborn child is not a human being so the result of abortion is not murdering a human(Sykes, Margaret & Ward, Dr. Roy Bowen). In any way a woman is more then a holder for a unborn baby, ...

Words that carry weight - Emphasis

Words that carry weight Words that carry weight The words obese and obesity may soon be off-limits at Liverpool City Council. The idea is to avoid causing offence, but will they just end up diluting the message? The proposal, if it goes ahead, would see these words replaced by the term unhealthy weight in any literature aimed at children. The idea came from around 90 nine to eleven year-olds of the Liverpool Schools Parliament, who see using obese as too negative, and potentially disheartening for the young people it may describe. Its often a good move to swap more clinical or jargon-like words for everyday alternatives which are more accessible to your audience, but sometimes you risk losing the full meaning behind the original choice. Some see this as a worrying move: clinically, being obese is much more serious than merely being overweight. This substitution is just fudging the problem says Tam Fry, of the Child Growth Foundation. Unfortunately sometimes schoolchildren have to be taught the realities of life. Let us know what you think. Is this a sensible plan to protect children, or just too PC?

What is meant by predictive validity Why are assessment centres Essay

What is meant by predictive validity Why are assessment centres considered to have greater predictive validity than facetoface interviews - Essay Example In particular, the prevalence of the traditional employment interview as the primary selection method will be compared to the alternative methods of cognitive ability tests and biographical data. Whilst the assessment and selection process provides information for decisions by both the employer and the potential employee, this is not the traditional view as employment decisions have long been regarded as a management prerogative (Torrington & Hall, 1991). However, given the predicted skill shortages and the fact that selection is also concerned with the future life plans of individuals, the predictive validity of selection methods is an important issue (Meijer, 1998) both for organizations and for individuals. Predictive validity refers to the extent to which an assessment measure can predict subsequent job performance (Smith et al, 1993) such as error rate, production rate, appraisal scores, absence rate, or other criteria that may be important to the organisation. Relationships between assessment outcomes and future performance are expressed as correlation coefficients (r), where r = 1 represents a perfect relationship, and r = 0 signifies that no relationship whatsoever e xists. A correlation of, say, r = 0.4 is regarded as comparatively good in assessment and selection (Torrington et al, 1991), but this does illustrate that there are no methods of selection that represent outstanding predictors of future performance. In their survey of management selection methods used in French and British organizations, Shackleton & Newell (1991) illustrated that, although there was an increasing use of personality assessments, cognitive ability tests, assessment centers and biographical data between the years of 1984 and 1989, the traditional method of face to face interviews continued to represent the dominant method of assessment and selection in the UK. The format of interviews may range from totally unstructured where no objectives are set, to highly structured, pre-planned processes in which topic areas are closely related to job behavior, with varying degrees of semi-structure in-between (Anderson & Shackleton, 1993). Huffcutt & Arthur (1994) used meta-analysis to demonstrate that predictive validity increased as interview structure increased; the degree of standardization of questions and response scoring mechanisms resulted in validities ranging from r = 0.20 for less structured interviews to r = 0.56 for more highly structured interviews. Nevertheless, even highly structured interviews may vary in their predictive validity. In a comparison of situational interviews (future-orientated) and behavior description interviews (past-orientated) Campion, Campion & Hudson (1994) found higher validities for past-orientated (r = 0.51) than for

Business Law Conference Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business Law Conference - Research Paper Example icials claimed that if they validated the results they could in turn be sued by a minority community for developing a practice that disadvantaged the minority groups (Supreme Court of the US 2008). The use of disparate treatment as an alternative to disparate impact has to be strongly justified based on evidences and reasonable standards (remedial action). The Judge rejected the claim that the Department did not discriminate but said that the Department was involved in making a decision based on race, which was more like disparate treatment. IF there is a conflict between disparate treatment and disparate impact, then disparate treatment should be avoided based on clear and outright evidences and standards. Title VII, Civil Rights Act of 1964: â€Å"Title VII prohibits employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex and national origin. The Civil Rights Act of 1991 (CRA) and the Lily Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009 amend several sections of Title VII.† By invalidating the results, there was an impermissible disparate impact, which in turn amounted to a racial preference, and was against Title VII. The Court gave a decision in favor of the 12 firefighters claiming that invalidation of their test results was a violation under Title VII. Another judge mentioned that the court failed to provide a clarification between the provisions of disparate impact under Title VII and the equal protection clause under the US Constitution (14th Amendment). Other evidences suggested that there were many flaws in the testing system adopted by New Haven, and if the testing system was better, the results outcome was have not been skewed. The court found the racial decision making adopted by New Haven Department as discriminatory and hence had to reinstate the results. However, it was also found that the testing system adopted by New Haven was improper compared to that of other Departments. However, this was not a basis invalidating the results obtained by the White

Documentary Critique Essay -- essays research papers

This is a critique of" Roger And Me", a documentary by Michael Moore. This is a film about a city that at one time had a great economy. The working class people lived the American dream. The majority of people in this town worked at the large GM factory. The factory is what gave these people security in their middle working class home life. Life in the city of Flint was good until Roger Smith the CEO of GM decided to close the factory. This destroyed the city. Violent crime became the highest in the nation, businesses went bankrupt, people were evicted from their rented homes. There were no jobs and no opportunity. Life was so bad that Money magazine named Flint the worst place to live in the entire nation. When news of the factory closing first broke, Michael Moore a native of flint decided to search for Roger Smith and bring him to Flint. Michael Moore is the author and narrator of this touching film. He is seen throughout the film. He interviews many people and tries again and again to find Roger Smith. He is thrown out of private clubs, offices and yacht clubs. His authorial voice is observational. He tells all sides of this sad story. He interviews the people of Flint and GM executives including Roger Smith. He even interviews the few very well to do people in the now struggling city. One executive is used over and over in this film. His opinion is that "GM has to do what GM has to do to stay competitive", and " the nature of corporations is to ...

Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) Practices and the Performance of a Nigerian Small and Medium Size Enterprise (SME).

Introduction The contribution of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to the economic growth and development has been enormous. This contribution is significant for both the developed and developing world. Many governments acknowledge the fact that SMEs play a significant role in the growth and development of their economies. Consequently, a number of government investment projects are geared towards fostering the growth and development of local SMEs. The institution of policies geared towards the facilitation and empowerment of SMEs as well as improving the performance of SMEs remains a major objective of many economic policy makers and governments. In addition, international economic and financial bodies such as the IMF, World Bank, the European Investment Bank (EIB) and the International Financial Corporation (IFC) have invested heavily in making SMEs robust and vibrant in developing countries. Furthermore, non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in developing countries such as Nigeria have employed advocacy and capacity-building campaigns to promote the growth of SMEs. Despite the importance accorded to SMEs as well as their contribution to economic growth, Onugu (2005) argues that the performance of SMEs in Nigeria has been below expectations. Unlike SMEs in other countries, the contribution of Nigerian SMEs to economic growth has not been very impressive (Onogu, 2005). Following from its independence, the Federal government of Nigeria has invested significant sums of money to promote entrepreneurial and small business development projects (Mambula, 1997, 2002). However, results from these projects have not been very impressive. In order words, most of these projects have often been unable to yield their expected returns. Despite the country’s endowment with raw materials and other natural resources, there has been little progress towards the development of the manufacturing sector, which could have increased the production of value added products thereby substituting imports, increasing exports and increasing employment (Mambula, 1997, 2002). Business failure often comes as a result of a number of factors. This could be as a result of poor customer service, poor management and poor human resource management. While the poor performance of SMEs in Nigeria can be attributed to a number of factors, human resource management could be a major factor in determining this poor performance. Human resources are a principal source of economic growth. Like other resources, human resources require effective and efficient utilisation so as to ensure maximum contribution is achieved from them. Approximately 50 per cent of people work in small and medium sized enterprises. Despite this high proportion of human resources in SMEs, most studies that study human resource management have focused on large corporations with very limited attention to SMEs. Moreover, most studies on the practices of human resource management have been carried out in the developed world with very limited attention paid to developing countries like Nigeria. This study is one of the few studies that focus on the management of human resources in SMEs in a developing country. The country that has been chosen for the study is Nigeria. The paper examines the factors that affect the practices of human resource management in an SME in Nigeria and how these practices can affect the performance of the SME in particular and its contribution to the overall growth of the economy as a whole.Objectives of the Study The objective of the study is to examine the SHRM practices of an SME in Nigeria. The study will also examine how those practices affect the performance of the SME and provide polic y implications of the findings for future strategy development.Research QuestionsThe paper will be providing answers to the following questions: What are the Strategic human resource management practices of the SME How do these practices affect the performance of the SME What are the implications for future development of strategic human resource management practices at the SMEResearch OutlineThe paper is going to follow the following areas: Section one will cover the introduction; section 2 will be dealing with the literature review; section 3 will be discussing the methodology and describing the data; section 4 will provide the results and analysis; and section 5 will present conclusions and recommendations. Literature Review Strategic human resource management (SHRM) practices refer to those activities that are specifically developed, executed and implemented on a deliberate alignment to a firm’s strategy (Huselid et al., 1997). The phrase â€Å"strategic human resource management is an indication that people in the firm are regarded as strategic resources (i.e human capital) that must be managed and leveraged when implementing and executing the strategy of the firm. In early years, efforts made to develop a conceptual framework on strategic human resource management were based on the assumption that in order to promote human behaviour that would fulfil the strategic objectives of the firm, the firm had to implement specific human resource management practices (Fisher, 1989; Schuler and Jackson, 1989; Snell, 1992). A strategic approach to human resource management is an approach that links the human resource management policies with the strategic objectives of the firm. There has been significant debate over the term SHRM as has been the case for human resource management (HRM). Many researchers argue that SHRM lacks conceptual clarity (e.g., Bamberger and Meshoulam, 2000). Three competing frameworks on SHRM have emerged: the contingency, universal and configurational perspectives (Miles and Snow, 1984; Schuler and Jackson, 1987; Delery and Doty, 1996; Pfeffer, 1998; Youndt et al., 1996; Boxall and Purcell, 2000, 2008). According to the universal perspective, all HR practices in all firms have a positive impact on firm performance (Delery and Doty, 1996). The configurational perspective suggests that firm performance depends on unique HR practices while the contingency perspective suggests that a firm’s HR practices are a function of its strategy (Miles and Snow, 1984; Schuler and Jackso n, 1987). A number of studies have tested the different frameworks and found contradictory results. For example, Youndt et al. (1996); and Chang and Huang (2005) argue in favour of the contingency perspective while Tackeuchi et al. (2003) favour the configurational perspective. The frameworks suggested above are mostly relevant for large organisations. Little effort has been devoted towards the development of SHRM in SMEs. For example, Saini and Budhwar (2008) in a study of SHRM practices in SMEs in India argue that bounded rationality tends to constrain the willingness to implement innovative HR practices in SMEs in India because most owners of SMEs tend to believe that they are doing their utmost best. Barber et al (1999) observe that HRM practices that work well in large organisations do not work properly in small firms. As a result, Heneman and Tansky (2002) stresses the need to develop different HRM models for SMEs rather than simply extending existing models that are suitable for large organisations to SMEs. The literature on Human resource management in SMEs suggests that a strategic approach to HRM in SMEs is yet to be developed. Conceptual models that relate human resource management practices in SMEs to the strategic capabilities of these organisa tions need to be developed in order to enable SMEs achieve the full benefits of their human resources. As can be observed, most of the studies of HRM practices in SMEs have been limited to SMEs in Western Europe, U.S.A and India with very limited attention given to Africa in general and Nigeria in particular. In the light of the above limitations, this study aims at contributing to the literature by studying the SHRM practices of SMEs in Nigeria. The study does not intend to test any hypothesis. Rather it intends to focus on providing an in-depth analysis and discussion of the HRM practices of a Nigerian SME. Research Methods and Data Research Methods are the approaches taken to achieve the objectives of a research project (Saunders et al., 2009). There are two main approaches to research including the inductive and deductive approaches. The inductive approach is an approach that aims at developing testable hypotheses while the deductive approach focuses on testing existing hypotheses. The inductive approach can use a single case study to multiple case studies while the deductive approach depends on the use of multiple cases. Moreover, the inductive approach can use either qualitative or quantitative methods whereas the deductive approach relies heavily on the use of large data sets and quantitative research methods. The inductive approach is advantageous over the deductive approach in that it does not generalise its results to all cases. It aims at providing an in-depth analysis of a small number of cases. Therefore, it is the approach that will be used in this study. In other to achieve the objective of this study, this paper will use a case study approach. In order to do this, a Nigerian-based SME will be selected. An in-depth analysis of its SHRM practices will be examined and related to its performance. In order to gain detailed understanding of the approaches, the â€Å"Interpretative phenomenological Analysis (IPA) will be used to gain an in-depth analysis of the HRM practices of the SME. The Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) is an experimental qualitative approach to research in psychology and the human, health and social sciences (Smith et al., 2009). The human resource practices that will be investigated include recruitment, selection, training, remuneration, leave of absence, interpersonal communication, sick pay, and promotion. The practices of these variables will be analysed and an evaluation of how they affect the performance of the SME will be conducted. The performance measures that will be used include profitability , liquidity, management efficiency and leverage ratios. The ratios will be analysed in relation to the SHRM practices identified along with the Nigerian economic environment in which the SME is based. Data The research will use both primary and secondary data. Data for the SHRM practices will mainly be primary data. This data will be collected using survey questionnaires issued to the employees of the SME and interviews conducted with key management staff. Performance data will be collected from the financial records of the SME. Data on the performance measures will be gathered from the financial records of the SME. References Boxall, P., & Purcell, J. (2000). Strategic human resource management: Where have we come from and where should we be goingInternational Journal of Management Reviews, 2(2), 183?203. Boxall, P., & Purcell, J. (2008). Strategy and Human Resource Management. Hampshire: Palgrave MacMillan. Chang,W. J. A., & Huang, T. C. (2005). Relationship between strategic human resource management and firm performance: A contingency perspective. International Journal of Manpower, 26(5), 434?449. Delery, J. E., & Doty, D. H. (1996). Modes of theorizing in strategic human resource management: Tests of universalistic, contingency. Academy of Management Journal, 39(4), 802?835. Huselid, M.A., S.E. Jackson, and R.S. Schuler. 1997. â€Å"Technical and Strategic Human Resource Management Effectiveness as Determinants of Firm Performance,† Academy of Management Journal 40(199), 171-188. Miles, R. E., & Snow, C. C. (1984). Designing strategic human resources systems. Organizational Dynamics, 13(1), 36?52. Schuler, R.S. and S.A. Jackson. 1989. â€Å"Determinants of Human Resource Management Priorities and Implications for Industrial Relations,† Journal of Management 15(1): 89-99. Snell, S.A. 1992. â€Å"Control Theory in Strategic Human Resource Management: The Mediating Effect of Administrative Information,† Academy of Management, Journal 35(2), 292-327. Schuler, R. S., & Jackson, S. E. (1987). Linking competitive strategies with human resource management practices. Academy of Management Executive, 1(3), 207?219. Pfeffer, J. (1998). Seven practices of successful organizations. California Management Review, 40(2), 96?124. Onugu, B. A. N. (2005) Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria: Problems and Prospects, St. Clements University Smith, J. A., Flowers, P., Larkin, M. (2009) Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis: Theory, Method and Research, Sage Publications. Heneman, R. L., & Tansky, J. W. (2002). Human resource management models for entrepreneurial opportunity: Existing knowledge and new directions. In J. Katz, & T. M. Welbourne (Eds.), Managing people in entrepreneurial organizations, vol. 5 (pp. 55–82). Amsterdam: JAI Press. Barber, A. E., Wesson, M. J., Roberson, Q. M., & Taylor, M. S. (1999). A tale of two job markets: Organizational size and its effects on hiring practices and job search behavior. Personnel Psychology, 52, 841–867. Saunders M, Lewis P and Thornhill A (2009) Research Methods for Business Studies, 5th edition, Prentice Hall FT Harlow Saini, D. S., Budhwar, P. S. (2008) Managing the human resource in Indian SMEs: The role of indigenous realities, Journal of World Business, Volume 43, No. 4, Pages 417-434 Takeuchi, N., Wakabayashi, M., & Chen, Z. (2003). The strategic HRM configuration for competitive advantage: Evidence from Japanese firms in China and Taiwan, Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 20(4), 447?480.

Reflective Essay On Managing Conflict - 2544 Words

Introduction Conflict is inevitable. Put people with different experiences, priorities, and skills together, and you are bound to have conflict. It is a fundamental dynamic of human nature. How one deals with conflict is the results of core personality traits, experiences that have become schemas, commitment to ideas and training. I’ve been fortunate to have wonderful early experiences that have seeded my ability to manage conflict as well as exposure through fabulous training initiatives. Even with all that support, I still can be much better in specific ways regarding how I manage conflict. Factors that Influence my Behavior Regarding Conflict As a red-headed Irish woman, my temper flares quickly. It has been an ongoing developmental†¦show more content†¦When I encounter people who are not in concert with these values, I struggle. I find work conflict easy to resolve. I tend to quickly resolve conflict with my husband or children. With a belief that life is too short and forgiveness is very important to move on, I choose to let things go or work harder to resolve them quickly. Where I am less competent in managing conflict is with siblings or friends. My Strengths in Managing Conflict’’ My strengths in dealing with conflict include: acting courageously, understanding other’s styles, understanding the dynamic of power at play, listening empathetically and being able to walk away. Courageous: Fundamentally, I am a courageous person. I address issues proactively. If I have a challenge with an individual, I am quick to take the initiative to address it. I easily apologize if I am wrong. I certainly don’t like to be wrong and work hard not to be wrong but when I am, I take ownership for it. Coming from strong parents who seeded me with the idea that I could do anything is the source of my courage. I am often the first to talk in a situation or the first to go to a person with whom I have a conflict. 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